Pesticides exposure in Pakistan: A review

Tariq, Muhammad Ilyas; Afzal, Shahzad; Hussain, Ishtiaq; Sultana, Nargis

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.07.012

Cited by 247 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Contamination of food results in exposure to toxic pesticide residues for the resident populations leading to harmful health effects. Ingestion of pesticide in food has been linked with health conditions that are a major source of morbidity and mortality and increased risk of skin, bladder and lung cancer at very low concentrations (Jiries et al, 2002;Tariq et al, 2007). Pesticides in fish are extremely important because of their potential impact on human health and the aquatic ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide residues in fish from the Densu River Basin in Ghana

Fianko¹,

Donkor²,

Lowor³

et al. 2013

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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The Densu River is a typical river flowing through agricultural areas in Southern Ghana. Six fish species from different locations in the river were sampled and analyzed for residues of pesticides and metabolites using GC with ECD/FID. The results of the study indicate that all the detected residues and metabolites in fish samples from the Densu River Basin were organochlorines (OCs). Among the pesticides residues analyzed, DDE, α-endosulfan, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, heptachlor and endosulfan sulphate, were predominant in all the samples. About 50% of the samples recorded positive detection of DDE while α-endosulfan was detected in 60% of the samples. γ-HCH, δ-HCH were detected in 75% and 65% of the samples respectively with heptachlor occurring in 80% of the samples. In almost all the fish species analyzed, DDE was the predominant compound having a mean value of 7.99 µgKg -1 . Higher concentrations of pesticide residues were detected in fish samples from the Densu River at Nsawam than the other locations. The total concentration of residues in the fish samples ranged between 0.49 µgKg -1 and 8.90 µgKg -1 with the highest level detected in Hepsetue odoe (HO-N). The sequence of pesticide residues detected in fish samples were HO-N > HN-N > CO-N > CG-N > TZ-N > CN-W > TZ-W > CG-W. The high ratio of DDE/DDT in fish samples (0.1 -6.9 with a mean of 2.51) indicated probably old input of DDT and significant degradation. The γ -HCH isomer (lindane) was the dominant HCH in fish samples suggesting a preferential usage of lindane (purified γ-HCH) in these areas. The δ-HCH/γ-HCH ratios in most fish samples were low indicating the present input of the pesticide lindane from non-point sources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide residues in fish from the Densu River Basin in Ghana

Fianko¹,

Donkor²,

Lowor³

et al. 2013

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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“…[6] Carbofuran residues were reported in well waters from Punjab, Pakistan at the concentration of 0.023 mg L −1 . [7] According to USEPA, maximum permissible limit of carbofuran in drinking water is 0.04 mg L −1 whereas the World Health Organization specifies the permissible limit of 0.007 mg L −1 . There are considerable risks associated with carbofuran when present in food and drinking water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface interactions between insecticide carbofuran and tea waste biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures

Mayakaduwa

Vithanage

Karunarathna

et al. 2016

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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Biochars showed a potential as adsorbents for organic contaminants, however, have not been tested for carbofuran, which has been detected frequently in water. This study provides evidences for the use of infused tea residue derived biochar for carbofuran removal. Biochars were produced at 300, 500 and 700 °C by slow pyrolysis and were characterized by proximate and ultimate analysis, FT-IR, SEM, BET and pore size distribution. Pyrolysis temperature showed a pronounced effect on biochar properties. The maximum carbofuran removal was achieved at pH 5. Freundlich and Temkin models best fit the equilibrium data. Biochars produced at 700 °C showed the highest sorption intensity. The adsorption process was likely to be a favorable chemisorption process with electrostatic interactions between carbofuran molecules and biochar surface. Acid-base interactions, electrophilic addition reactions and amide bond formations are the possible mechanisms of carbofuran adsorption. Overall, biochars prepared from tea waste can be utilized as effective adsorbents for removal of aqueous carbofuran.

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“…Previous analysis for soil samples collected from the Tibetan Plateau has revealed the cold trapping of POPs along the Eastslope of the plateau. 12 The SS in the model scenario 5 refers to the β-HCH use in South Asian countries (excluding India), including Nepal 35 and Pakistan, 36 and Southeast Asian countries. β-HCH contamination to the Tibetan Plateau from the SS is therefore largely related to the interaction of atmospheric transport from the SS and mountain cold trapping effect over South-and East-slopes of the plateau.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Environmental Fate of β-HCH in Asian Soil and Association with Environmental Factors

Yue

Tian

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Chinese Gridded Pesticide Emission and Residue Model was applied to simulate long-term environmental fate of β-HCH in Asia spanning 1948−2009. The model captured well the spatiotemporal variation of β-HCH soil concentrations across the model domain. β-HCH use in different areas within the model domain was simulated respectively to assess the influence of the different sources of β-HCH on its environment fate. A mass center of soil residue (MCSR) was introduced and used to explore environmental factors contributing to the spatiotemporal variation of β-HCH soil residue. Results demonstrate that the primary emission dominates β-HCH soil residues during the use of this pesticide. After phase-out of the pesticide in 1999, the change in β-HCH soil residues has been associated with the Asian summer monsoon, featured by northward displacement of the MCSR. The displacement from several major sources in China and northeastern Asia shows a downward trend at a 95% confidence level, largely caused by environmental degradation and northward delivery of β-HCH under cold condition in northern area. The MCSRs away from the India and southern and southeastern Asia sources show a rapid northward displacement at a 99% confidence level, featuring the cold trapping effect of the Tibetan Plateau.

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Pesticides exposure in Pakistan: A review

Cited by 247 publications

References 43 publications

Pesticide residues in fish from the Densu River Basin in Ghana

Pesticide residues in fish from the Densu River Basin in Ghana

Interface interactions between insecticide carbofuran and tea waste biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures

Assessing Environmental Fate of β-HCH in Asian Soil and Association with Environmental Factors

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