Pesticides in groundwater: some observations on temporal and spatial trends

Lapworth, Dan; Gooddy, Daren C.; Stuart, Marianne; Chilton, P.J.; Cachandt, Gerd; Knapp, M.; Bishop, S.

doi:10.1111/j.1747-6593.2005.00007.x

Cited by 49 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…However, increasing interest in this topic in recent years, as well as the improvement in the methods of analysis, has produced more information about the quality of groundwater. In recent years several monitoring programmes have been applied in the USA [2][3][4][5][6][7] and in many European countries [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] to determine a large variety of pesticides and some transformation products (TPs) in groundwater. Although some data are available on pesticide residues in Spanish groundwater [16][17][18][19][20], there is a lack of monitoring programmes of sufficient scope to focus on the compounds that are most widely applied and, consequently, with the highest potential to contaminate groundwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide residues and transformation products in groundwater from a Spanish agricultural region on the Mediterranean Coast

Hernández

Marín

Pozo

et al. 2008

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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An overview is given on the presence and changes over time of pesticide residues in groundwater from the Valencia region, one of the most important citrus cultivation sites of southern Europe. A multiresidue LC-MS/MS method was applied for the screening of around 50 pesticides in 75 water samples collected during 2000. The herbicides simazine, terbuthylazine, bromacil, terbumeton, and diuron were the most frequently detected compounds. On the basis of compounds detected in these samples, another method that focused on 30 herbicides and relevant transformation products (TPs) was developed and applied to around 80 water samples collected during 2003. Simazine was the most frequently found compound followed by several triazine metabolites. Data for this paper show the vulnerability of groundwater in this area to herbicide applications and illustrate the importance of including pesticide TPs in environmental monitoring programmes, as four out of the five compounds most frequently detected were pesticide TPs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide residues and transformation products in groundwater from a Spanish agricultural region on the Mediterranean Coast

Hernández

Marín

Pozo

et al. 2008

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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“…Concentrations of atrazine in this study were found above 0.1 µg/L, the UK drinking water limit for individual pesticides, as set out in the Drinking Water Regulations (HMSO, 2000), which were transposed from the Drinking Water Directive (EC, 1998). Lapworth et al (2006) detail the concentrations of pesticides (no metabolites in the analytical suites used) in 14 wells < 30 m bgl over the period January 2002 to November 2003 (prior to the ban) in the Sherwood Sandstone aquifer underlying Doncaster and the area to the east. The study found atrazine and simazine in 4 of the study sites, maximum and average concentrations found for atrazine were 4.2 µg/L and 0.585 µg/L; and simazine 0.062 µg/L and 0.030 µg/L respectively.…”

Section: Micro-organic Tracers: Evidence Of Multiple Pathways In the mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The repeatability of the depths and concentrations implies a consistent source/ pathway at each site. As discussed above, evidence from previous studies and other analytes within this study point at an area of slower groundwater flow and greater residence time at these central depths within the sandstone beneath HP and MS. Atrazine was used extensively for amenity use in the UK prior to its registration being withdrawn for non-crop uses use in 1992 due to its persistence in groundwater, and this is a likely source of atrazine contamination within this urban Sandstone aquifer (Knapp, 2005;Lapworth et al, 2006). The atrazine peaks at these two sites suggests multi-point contamination within the Sandstone matrix, and if the ban on non-crop use is taken as the last usage date this corresponds to contamination from at least 22 years ago.…”

Section: Micro-organic Tracers: Evidence Of Multiple Pathways In the mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shallow groundwater levels and thin or absent overlying deposits make it vulnerable to contamination from a range of anthropogenic sources (Lapworth et al, 2006;Tait et al, 2004). Low permeability marl bands can focus recharge making the groundwater vulnerable to rapid migration of contaminants to depth via rapid pathways with limited attenuation potential, in some cases this is greatly enhanced by the dip of the lithology allowing rapid migration of faecal contamination to depth (Cronin et al, 2003;Taylor et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hydrochemical profiles in urban groundwater systems: New insights into contaminant sources and pathways in the subsurface from legacy and emerging contaminants

White

Lapworth

Stuart

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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It has long been known that groundwaters beneath urban areas carry a fingerprint from urban activities but finding a consistent tracer for anthropogenic influence has proved elusive. The varied sources of urban contaminants means that a single consistent and inexpensive means of tracing the fate of urban contaminants is not generally possible and multiple tracers are often required to understand the contaminant sources and pathways in these complex systems. This study has utilized a combination of micro-organic (MO) contaminants and inorganic hydrochemistry to trace recharge pathways and quantify the variability of groundwater quality in multi-level piezometers in the city of Doncaster, UK. A total of 23 MO's were detected during this study, with more compounds consistently detected during higher groundwater table conditions highlighting the importance of sampling under different hydrological conditions. Four of the compounds detected are EU Water Framework Directive priority substances; atrazine, simazine, naphthalene and DEHP, with a maximum concentration of 0.18, 0.03, 0.2, 16 µg/l respectively. Our study shows that the burden of the banned pesticide atrazine persisting in the Sherwood sandstone is detected at two of the three study sites. Emerging contaminants' are seen throughout the borehole profiles and provide insights into transient pathways for contaminant migration in the sub-surface. Long term changes in inorganic hydrochemistry show possible changes in contaminant input or the dissolution of minerals. Nitrate was detected above 50 mg/L but on the whole nitrate concentrations have declined in the intervening years either due to a reduction of nitrate application at the surface or a migration of peak nitrate concentrations laterally or to greater depth. This study shows that multiple tracers together with multi-level piezometers can give a better resolution of contaminant pathways and variable flow regimes within the relatively uncomplicated aquifer of the Sherwood Sandstone compared with single long screened wells.

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“…The persistence of atrazine and diuron, and their degradates, in groundwater in the UK for many years after it was withdrawn for non-agricultural use highlights the importance of these other sources [41,148]. Parsons et al (2008) carried out an assessment of risk from pesticide metabolites for both the US and the UK [149].…”

Section: Key Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Organic Contaminants in Groundwater

Stuart

Lapworth

2013

Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation

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Emerging organic contaminants (ECs) are compounds now being found in groundwater from agricultural, urban sources that were previously not detectable, or thought to be significant. ECs include pesticides and degradates, pharmaceuticals, industrial compounds, personal care products, fragrances, water treatment byproducts, flame retardants and surfactants, as well as 'life-style' compounds such as caffeine and nicotine. ECs may have adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health.Frequently detected ECs include the anti-epileptic drug carbamazepine, the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, the anti-inflammatories ibuprofen and diclofenac, and caffeine, as well as pesticide degradates. This means there will be challenges in the future in order to address these ECs and to minimise their impact on drinking water and ecosystems. In the coming decades, more ECs are likely to have environmental standards defined, and therefore a better understanding of environmental behaviour remains a priority.

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Pesticides in groundwater: some observations on temporal and spatial trends

Cited by 49 publications

References 15 publications

Pesticide residues and transformation products in groundwater from a Spanish agricultural region on the Mediterranean Coast

Pesticide residues and transformation products in groundwater from a Spanish agricultural region on the Mediterranean Coast

Hydrochemical profiles in urban groundwater systems: New insights into contaminant sources and pathways in the subsurface from legacy and emerging contaminants

Emerging Organic Contaminants in Groundwater

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