Pesticides in the Antarctic

George, John L.; Frear, D. E. H.

doi:10.2307/2401454

Cited by 102 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The atmosphere is the dominant pathway for transport of POPs to polar regions, which act as environmental storage for such chemicals (Corsolini et al, 2006). First reports of POPs in Antarctic biota go back to the 1960s (George and Frear, 1966;Sladen et al, 1966;Tatton and Ruzicka, 1967). Current literature further documents the ubiquitous distribution of POPs throughout the Southern Ocean food webs (Bengtson Nash et al, 2008;Corsolini et al, 2006), including in the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba, which forms the base diet of several marine mammal species (Chiuchiolo et al, 2004;Corsolini et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking pollutant exposure of humpback whales breeding in the Indian Ocean to their feeding habits and feeding areas off Antarctica

Das

Malarvannan

Dirtu

et al. 2017

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tHumpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, breeding off la Reunion Island (Indian Ocean) undergo largescale seasonal migrations between summer feeding grounds near Antarctica and their reproductive winter grounds in the Indian Ocean. The main scope of the current study was to investigate chemical exposure of humpback whales breeding in the Indian Ocean by providing the first published data on this breeding stock concerning persistent organic pollutants (POPs), namely polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), DDT and its metabolites (DDTs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and methoxylated PBDEs (MeOPBDEs). Analyses of stable isotopes d 13 C and d 15 N in skin resulted in further insight in their feeding ecology, which was in agreement with a diet focused mainly on low trophic level prey species, such as krill from Antarctica. POPs were measured in all humpback whales in the order of HCB > DDTs > CHLs > HCHs > PCBs > PBDEs > MeO-BDEs. HCB (median: 24 ng g À1 lw) and DDTs (median: 7.7 ng g À1 lw) were the predominant compounds in all whale biopsies. Among DDT compounds, p,p 0 -DDE was the major organohalogenated pollutant, reflecting its long-term accumulation in humpback whales. Significantly lower concentrations of HCB and DDTs were found in females than in males (p < 0.001). Other compounds were similar between the two genders (p > 0.05). Differences in the HCB and DDTs suggested gender-specific transfer of some compounds to the offspring. POP concentrations were lower than previously reported results for humpback whales sampled near the Antarctic Peninsula, suggesting potential influence of their nutritional status and may indicate different exposures of the whales according to their feeding zones. Further investigations are required to assess exposure of southern humpback whales throughout their feeding zones.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking pollutant exposure of humpback whales breeding in the Indian Ocean to their feeding habits and feeding areas off Antarctica

Das

Malarvannan

Dirtu

et al. 2017

Environmental Pollution

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“…Several studies in high latitude regions, including the Arctic (Clausen and Berg, 1975;Gregor and Gummer, 1989;Ikonomou et al, 2002) and Antarctic (George and Frear, 1966) revealed the widespread distribution of these chemicals. Recent studies have also been focusing on mountain areas at high altitude to investigate the levels of POPs in these pristine environments and the extent of POPs to undergo LRAT (Daly and Wania, 2005;Loewen et al, 2005;Chen et al, 2008;Wania and Westgate, 2008;Shen et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altitude dependence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in surface soil from Tibetan Plateau, China

et al. 2009

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a b s t r a c tRemote mountain areas besides high latitude regions are beginning to receive increased attention in studying the transport and behavior of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In the present work, surface soil samples were collected from the Tibetan Plateau, the highest plateau in the world which includes the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma, to investigate the levels and trends of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) along the altitudinal gradient. The average PCB and PBDE concentrations were 185.6 ng kg À1 dry weight (dw) (range 47.1-422.6 ng kg À1 dw) and 11.1 ng kg À1 dw (range 4.3-34.9 ng kg À1 dw), respectively. Regression analysis between the log-transformed TOC-normalized concentrations and the altitudes of the sampling sites showed two opposite trends with regard to altitude dependence: negative relationship with altitude below about 4500 m followed by a positive altitude dependence above this point. Considering minimum anthropogenic activities and very sparse precipitation in the north of Himalayas, the trends above 4500 m imply that the significant altitude dependence of these two groups of POPs were irrespective of pollution sources, but could be predicted by the global distillation effect involving cold condensation in high altitude mountain areas. Increasing levels of heavier congeners were found in higher altitude sites, although the lighter congeners were the main contributors to the total amount, suggesting that less volatile congeners seem to become enriched easier than those more volatile at higher altitudes in this region.

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“…Present evidence shows DDT residues being found in widely separated geographical areas and in many levels of food chains, their concentrations increasing in the higher levels (8,16,18,19,25,26 The medium used to culture the phytoplankton was similar in composition to one described by Carlucci and Bowes (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Noncyclic electron flow, as measured by ferricyanide reduction, was inhibited by DDT 6 Beechwood Avenue, Ottawa to develop a reasonable picture of its distribution in marine air, water, biota, or sediment. Present evidence shows DDT residues being found in widely separated geographical areas and in many levels of food chains, their concentrations increasing in the higher levels (8,16,18,19,25,26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 72%

Uptake and Metabolism of 2,2-bis-(p-Chlorophenyl-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) by Marine Phytoplankton and Its Effects on Growth and Chloroplast Electron Transport

Bowes

1972

Plant Physiol.

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The effects of DDT (2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)-1, 1, 1-trichloroethane) on to develop a reasonable picture of its distribution in marine air, water, biota, or sediment. Present evidence shows DDT residues being found in widely separated geographical areas and in many levels of food chains, their concentrations increasing in the higher levels (8,16,18,19,25,26 The medium used to culture the phytoplankton was similar in composition to one described by Carlucci and Bowes (7).All species were bacteria-free. Sterility tests were made periodically by introduction of a small inoculum of the culture into peptone-enriched medium. Cultures were also checked for purity by phase microscopy.All glassware used in the experiment was rinsed with redistilled hexane and checked for the presence of DDT and related compounds.Culture vessels were 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks. Each contained 150 ml of mediulm. The flasks were plugged with cotton 172 www.plantphysiol.org on May 11, 2018 -Published by Downloaded from

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Pesticides in the Antarctic

Cited by 102 publications

References 2 publications

Linking pollutant exposure of humpback whales breeding in the Indian Ocean to their feeding habits and feeding areas off Antarctica

Linking pollutant exposure of humpback whales breeding in the Indian Ocean to their feeding habits and feeding areas off Antarctica

Altitude dependence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in surface soil from Tibetan Plateau, China

Uptake and Metabolism of 2,2-bis-(p-Chlorophenyl-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) by Marine Phytoplankton and Its Effects on Growth and Chloroplast Electron Transport

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