Pesticides in Urban Atmospheres

Tabor, Elbert C.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1965.10468399

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Arthur et al 1976 collected weekly air samples and analyzed them for a suite of pesticides, most of which have since been discontinued in the United States. There have been a few national studies that have included agricultural Ž and urban sites in Mississippi, Tabor, 1965;Stan-. ley et al, 1971;Kutz et al, 1976 , but these studies focused on pesticides that were then in use, most of which are no longer used in the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of pesticides in rain and air in urban and agricultural areas of Mississippi, April–September 1995

Coupe

Manning

Foreman

et al. 2000

Science of The Total Environment

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In April 1995, the US Geological Survey began a study to determine the occurrence and temporal distribution of 49 pesticides and pesticide metabolites in air and rain samples from an urban and an agricultural sampling site in Mississippi. The study was a joint effort between the National Water-Quality Assessment and the Toxic Substances Programs and was part of a larger study examining the occurrence and temporal distribution of pesticides in air and rain in the Mississippi River basin. Concurrent high-volume air and wet-only deposition samples were collected weekly. The air samplers consisted of a glass-fiber filter to collect particles and tandem polyurethane foam plugs to collect gas-phase pesticides. Every rain and air sample collected from the urban and agricultural sites had detectable levels of multiple pesticides. The magnitude of the total concentration was 5᎐10 times higher at the agricultural site as compared to the urban site. The pesticide with the highest concentration in rain at both sites was methyl parathion. The pesticide with the highest concentration in the air samples from the agricultural site was also methyl parathion, but from the urban site the highest concentration was diazinon followed closely by chlorpyrifos. More than two decades since p, pЈ-DDT was banned from use in the United States, p, pЈ-DDE, a metabolite of p, pЈ-DDT, was detected in every air sample collected from the agricultural site and in more than half of the air samples from the urban site. ᮊ

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of pesticides in rain and air in urban and agricultural areas of Mississippi, April–September 1995

Coupe

Manning

Foreman

et al. 2000

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Dieldrin, alpha and gamma HCH, diazinon, and malathion are all used on cropland in southern Florida and were all detected in air samples collected at sites in southern Florida (Majewski and Capel, 1995). Aldrin was detected in air samples collected in Florida City (Tabor, 1965). Several pesticides, including chlordane, oxychlordane, parathion, and methylparathion, were detected in air samples collected in Miami in 1975 (Kutz and others, 1976).…”

Section: Relation Of Atmospheric Deposition To Surface-water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-quality assessment of southern Florida: An overview of available information on surface- and ground-water quality and ecology

Haag¹,

Miller²,

Bradner³

et al. 1996

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The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is to assess the quantity and quality of the earth resources of the Nation and to provide information that will assist resource managers and policymakers at Federal, State, and local levels in making sound decisions. Assessment of water-quality conditions and trends is an important part of this overall mission. One of the greatest challenges faced by water-resources scientists is acquiring reliable information that will guide the use and protection of the Nation's water resources. That challenge is being addressed by Federal, State, interstate, and local water-resource agencies and by many academic institutions. These organizations are collecting water-quality data for a host of purposes that includes: compliance with permits and water-supply standards; development of remediation plans for a specific contamination problem; operational decisions on industrial, wastewater, or water-supply facilities; and research on factors that affect water quality. An additional need for water-quality information is to provide a basis on which regional and national-level policy decisions can be based. Wise decisions must be based on sound information. As a society we need to know whether certain types of water-quality problems are isolated or ubiquitous, whether there are significant differences in conditions among regions, whether the conditions are changing over time, and why these conditions change from place to place and over time. The information can be used to help determine the efficacy of existing water-quality policies and to help analysts determine the need for and likely consequences of new policies. To address these needs, the Congress appropriated funds in 1986 for the USGS to begin a pilot program in seven project areas to develop and refine the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. In 1991, the USGS began full implementation of the program. The NAWQA Program builds upon an existing base of water-quality studies of the USGS, as well as those of other Federal, State, and local agencies. The objectives of the NAWQA Program are to: Describe current water-quality conditions for a large part of the Nation's freshwater streams, rivers, and aquifers. Describe how water quality is changing over time. Improve understanding of the primary natural and human factors that affect water-quality conditions. This information will help support the development and evaluation of management, regulatory, and monitoring decisions by other Federal, State, and local agencies to protect, use, and enhance water resources. The goals of the NAWQA Program are being achieved through ongoing and proposed investigations of 60 of the Nation's most important river basins and aquifer systems, which are referred to as study units. These study units are distributed throughout the Nation and cover a diversity of hydrogeologic settings. More than two-thirds of the Nation's freshwater use occurs within the 60 study units and more than two-thirds of the people served by public water-supply system...

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“…The widespread use of agricultural pesticides has resulted in the observation of many such compounds in soil and water 20 samples. While the ecological implications of these observations have been the focus of much research, little work has focused on their atmospheric chemistry, despite the fact that many of these pesticides are transported through the atmosphere (Bedos et al, 2006;Coscollà et al, 2008;LeNoir et al, 1999;Majewski et al, 2014;Peck A.M, 2005;Rice et al, 2002;Sauret et al, 2000;Tabor, 1965;White et al, 2006). The chemical fate of compounds in the atmosphere, including oxidation, gas-particle partitioning, and surface deposition ultimately controls their chemical identities and concentrations, and thus their impact on 25 ecosystems and human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Note: Gas Phase Pesticide Measurement Using Iodide Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Murschell

Fulgham

Farmer

2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Volatilization and subsequent processing in the atmosphere is an important environmental pathway for the transport and chemical fate of pesticides. However, these processes remain a particularly poorly understood component of pesticide lifecycles due to analytical challenges. Most pesticide measurements require long (hours to days) sampling times coupled with off-line analysis, inhibiting observation of meteorologically driven events or investigation of rapid oxidation chemistry. Here, we present chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry with iodide reagent ions as a fast and sensitive measurement of four current-use pesticides. These semi-volatile pesticides were calibrated with injections of solutions onto a filter and subsequently volatilized to generate gas phase analytes. Trifluralin and atrazine are detected as iodide-molecule adducts, while permethrin and metolachlor are detected as adducts between iodide and fragments of the parent analyte molecule. Limits of detection (1 second) are 0.37, 0.67, 0.56, and 1.1 µg/m3 for gas phase trifluralin, metolachlor, atrazine and permethrin, respectively. The sensitivities of trifluralin and metolachlor depend on relative humidity, changing as much as 70 % and 59 %, respectively, as relative humidity of the sample air varies from 0 to 80 %. This measurement approach is thus appropriate for laboratory experiments and potentially near-source field measurements.

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Pesticides in Urban Atmospheres

Cited by 23 publications

References 1 publication

Occurrence of pesticides in rain and air in urban and agricultural areas of Mississippi, April–September 1995

Occurrence of pesticides in rain and air in urban and agricultural areas of Mississippi, April–September 1995

Water-quality assessment of southern Florida: An overview of available information on surface- and ground-water quality and ecology

Technical Note: Gas Phase Pesticide Measurement Using Iodide Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

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