Pests and diseases in a changing climate a major challenge for Finnish crop production

Hakala, Kaija; Hannukkala, Asko; Huusela-Veistola, Erja

doi:10.2137/145960611795163042

Cited by 77 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Plant pests are already causing substantial crop losses in most regions of the world (Rosenzweig et al 2001;Barnes et al 2010;Haq et al 2011). An increase in extreme weather events and a trend towards warmer temperatures may well worsen these impacts (Roos et al 2010;Thomas 2010;Hakala et al 2011;Madgwick et al 2011;West et al 2012). Regional tree declines due to drought, new pathogens and existing pests, and the interactions between these factors, can have negative repercussions on biodiversity (Fischer et al 2010;Parks and Bernier 2010;Tomback and Achuff 2010;Carnicer et al 2011;McDowell et al 2011).…”

Section: Direct Effects Of Climate Change On Plant Pathosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

et al. 2012

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There has been a remarkable scientific output on the topic of how climate change is likely to affect plant diseases. This overview addresses the need for review of this burgeoning literature by summarizing opinions of previous reviews and trends in recent studies on the impacts of climate change on plant health. Sudden Oak Death is used as an introductory case study: Californian forests could become even more susceptible to this emerging plant disease, if spring precipitations will be accompanied by warmer temperatures, although climate shifts may also affect the current synchronicity between host cambium activity and pathogen colonization rate. A summary of observed and predicted climate changes, as well as of direct effects of climate change on pathosystems, is provided. Prediction and management of climate change effects on plant health are complicated by indirect effects and the interactions with global change drivers. Uncertainty in models of plant disease development under climate change calls for a diversity of management strategies, from more participatory approaches to interdisciplinary science. Involvement of stakeholders and scientists from outside plant pathology shows the importance of trade-offs, for example in the land-sharing vs. sparing debate. Further research is needed on climate change and plant health in mountain, boreal, Mediterranean and tropical regions, with multiple climate change factors and scenarios (including our responses to it, e.g. the assisted migration of plants), in relation to endophytes, viruses and mycorrhiza, using long-term and large-scale datasets and considering various plant disease control methods.Keywords Adaptive ecosystem management . Biotic interactions . Landscape pathology . Phytophthora ramorum . Plant disease epidemiology . Tree fungal pathogens Up to the 1990s, there was little information about climate change impacts on plant disease. For example, Eur J Plant Pathol

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Section: Direct Effects Of Climate Change On Plant Pathosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

et al. 2012

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“…range expansion or retreat, and increased risk of pathogen invasion) (e.g. Chakraborty et al 2000;Melloy et al 2010;Sutherst et al 2011;Ghini et al 2012;Pangga et al 2012;Pautasso et al 2012;Siebold and von Tiedemann 2012a;West et al 2012a; Fitt et al 2011;Garrett et al 2011;Hakala et al 2011;Luck et al 2011;Magan et al 2011;Roos et al 2011;Savary et al 2011;West et al 2012a;. Moreover, there is an increasing number of articles which focus on particular wheat diseases in relation to climate change, e.g.…”

Section: Racca Et Al 2012mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in Finland, there are considerable future changes in arable farming practises possible. According to Hakala et al (2011) two scenarios are likely to occur in the future: (1) an increased production of overwintering crops (winter wheat instead of spring wheat), and (2) the introduction of thermophilic crops such as maize (Zea mays), which currently cannot be successfully grown in Finland. This might mean that there will be a likely change from early summer to autumn pesticide use in wheat, which is likely to affect the prevalence of wheat pathogens in this country.…”

Section: Racca Et Al 2012mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and potential future risks through wheat diseases: a review

2012

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This review summarizes the most significant results from the so far existing, but fragmented studies on the potential effects of climate change on wheat pathogens and the diseases they cause. The analysis demonstrates that predictions are uncertain and future disease risk trends must be differentiated on a geographic and time scale. For example, disease incidence of Fusarium head blight in the United Kingdom might increase middle of this century, whereas disease severity of Septoria tritici blotch might decrease in France end of this century. Thus, wheat disease problems caused by a changing climate will probably not consistently worsen, as climatic changes may also improve the crop health situation in wheat depending on the location. The results of long-term simulations of future disease risk must be taken with caution, because different climate models and downscaling methods are used to make the projections and this can create considerable uncertainty. Being aware of this short-coming, plant pathologists recently started to assess the sources of uncertainty related to their long-term disease simulations. However, in spite of this progress there is still a significant lack of simulation studies related to different wheat diseases in various locations that could help to estimate future wheat grain losses due to climatic changes. Many more of these studies are certainly needed. Otherwise, the focus in the climate change debate will remain on the yield loss/gain potential due to changes in the environmental conditions only, which would neglect the important impact of altered biotic constraints such as diseases which are among the key factors in the estimation of future global wheat productivity.

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“…The main field crops in Finland vary in their yield responses to weather: spring cereals have shown the most sensitivity to drought and elevated temperatures, rapeseeds to pests and high temperature episodes, and forage and winter crops to mild-to-cold shifts over winter [25]. The potential impact of higher variability in weather on crop yields [26] along with increasing pest risks upon warming and the yield gains potentiated by longer growing seasons [27] emphasize the proactive adaptation and adaptive capacity of farmers. Adaptations stem from farm adaptive capacity [28]: the building of resourcefulness, social capital such as knowledge and networks, and the ability to act proactively [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engaging Farmers in Climate Change Adaptation Planning: Assessing Intercropping as a Means to Support Farm Adaptive Capacity

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Agriculture is one of the most vulnerable and adaptation-prone sources of livelihood facing climate change. Joint adaptation planning by farmers and researchers can help develop practically feasible and environmentally and economically sound adaptation actions as well as encourage the proactive building of farm adaptive capacity. Here, the perceptions of Finnish farmers and rural stakeholders regarding intercropping, the cultivation of two or more crop genotypes together in time and space, as a means to prepare for climate change, were collected in an open workshop. Our aim was to identify the potentials and challenges associated with intercropping, its role as an adaptation strategy, and in farm adaptive capacity. Qualitative analysis revealed better yield security, increased nutrient and protein self-sufficiency, soil conservation and maintenance, reduced pathogen pressure and regulation of water dynamics as the main perceived potentials of intercropping. Potentials relating to the farm economy and environment were also recognized. The main challenges associated with intercropping were related to the lack of information on crop variety performance and optimal yielding in mixtures, industry and policy requirements for seed purity, more complicated crop management and harvesting, and the economic risks associated with experimenting with novel mixtures. Nitrogen-fixing legumes; deep-rooted species, such as lucerne (Medicago sativa L.); special crops, such as herbs in forage mixtures; and autumn-sown winter oilseeds and cereals were highlighted as the most promising intercrops. Because the recognized potentials relate to the safeguarding of field cropping from anticipated climate change and the associated weather variability, we conclude that intercropping can serve as one adaptation strategy to strengthen the adaptive capacity of Finnish farms. However, assuring markets and policies that allow the development of intercropping, performing experiments to assess the benefits and implement options in practice, and providing farmers and farm advisors with more knowledge on the method represent the critical prerequisites for the broader adoption of intercropping.

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Pests and diseases in a changing climate a major challenge for Finnish crop production

Cited by 77 publications

References 52 publications

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

Climate change and potential future risks through wheat diseases: a review

Engaging Farmers in Climate Change Adaptation Planning: Assessing Intercropping as a Means to Support Farm Adaptive Capacity

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