Pests of Monocotyledon Crops

Straub, Richard W.; Emmett, B. J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-09924-5_7

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…We used S. frugiperda as a representative non-target species for testing T. ostriniae 's odor-specificity to moth pheromone. The species is a New World native that is often found together with O. nubilalis as a pest in corn (Straub & Emmett 1992), and its eggs are successfully parasitized by T. ostriniae in laboratory assays (Hoffmann et al 1995). We have also found parasitization of naturally laid S. frugiperda egg masses in cornfields by T. ostriniae after augmentative releases against O. nubilalis (unpublished data).…”

Section: Innate Responses To Target and Non-target Pheromones And Cromentioning

confidence: 75%

Odor specificity testing in the assessment of efficacy and non-target risk forTrichogramma ostriniae(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Yong

Pitcher

Gardner

et al. 2007

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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Trichogramma ostriniae Pang and Chen (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is an indigenous egg parasitoid of Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in China. We evaluated T. ostriniae 's responses in olfactometer and wind tunnel assays to various host and plant odors that are likely to impact the efficacy and non-target risk of utilizing T. ostriniae as an augmentative biocontrol agent against Ostrinia nubilalis Hü bner in the USA. In a Yolfactometer, female T. ostriniae exhibited innate positive responses to the egg mass volatiles, scale volatiles, and synthetic sex pheromones of O. nubilalis . When exposed to O. nubilalis pheromone while walking on a platform in a wind tunnel, the wasps manifested significant changes in patch exploration behavior, including delayed dispersal from the platform and slowed walking. The wasps did not respond innately to the synthetic pheromone of a non-target species, Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), however. Exposing wasps to S. frugiperda pheromone together with eggs of a factitious rearing host prior to testing also did not alter the wasps' lack of response to the pheromone, indicating that associative learning of the novel odor did not occur. Lastly, wasps showed no innate responses to leaf volatiles from corn (Zea mays L.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), two crops attacked by O. nubilalis . We conclude that T. ostriniae is likely to be highly efficient at finding O. nubilalis eggs in the field through the exploitation of host chemical cues. Further, T. ostriniae 's response to moth pheromone appears to be relatively host-specific, since the wasps responded to the pheromone of a congener to their natural host, but not to the pheromone of a more distantly related nontarget species. This type of odor-specificity could be an important mechanism for reducing the risk of T. ostriniae attack on non-target species.

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Section: Innate Responses To Target and Non-target Pheromones And Cromentioning

confidence: 75%

Odor specificity testing in the assessment of efficacy and non-target risk forTrichogramma ostriniae(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Yong

Pitcher

Gardner

et al. 2007

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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“…The damaging stages are nymphs and adults, which feed by rasping the leaves and other tissues of plants and sucking the sap, causing silver patches and streaks on the leaves. It can aggravate purple blotch indirectly, in addition to causing direct damage to foliage (Straub & Emmett, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Synthetic Pesticides Against Thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

Mannan¹,

Nahiyoon²,

Li³

2021

JAS

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Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is an essential vegetable crop with good nutritional significance. Insect pests are the major threat for poor production of the okra crop. Thrips of vegetable crops are known to be serious pests on a wide range of fruit, vegetable, flower, and agronomic crops. The present field study was carried out to know the efficacy of different insecticides (acetamiprid 19% weightable water (ww), lambda 25% ww, colarphipare 32% ww, lambda 2.5% ww and abamectin 1.3% ww) against Thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) on okra crop during the year 2019, and observations against T. tabaci (Lindeman) were recorded after 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs and 07 days of each spray in all the treatments. The pre-treatment count of thrips on okra was non-significant (P > 0.05); while the evaluated efficacy of different insecticides against thrips was significant (P < 0.01). It was noted that all the insecticides showed their highest efficacy after 7 days of spray and acetamiprid 19% weightable water (ww) was more efficient to combat the T. tabaci as compared to other pesticides that produced field efficacy of 73.92 and 74.91% against thrips after 7 days of 1st and 2nd spray respectively. Abamectin, 1.3% ww, was reasonably successful, yielding 53.81 and 56.66% field efficacy against T. tabaci (Lindeman) after 7 days of first and second spray. Also, moderately effective was colarphipare 32% ww, which developed field effectiveness of 56.41 and 61.49% against T. tabaci (Lindeman) after 7 days of first and second spray, respectively.

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“…During the lifetime of corn, almost all parts are inevitably subject to be attacked by multiple insect pests including the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae) (Shu et al ., 2018; Guo et al ., 2019; Malook et al ., 2019; De Lange et al ., 2020). Both species commonly occur in corn fields and cause large economic losses (Straub & Emmett, 1992; Bing, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Mythimna separata infestation on Bt corn could benefit aphids

Zhang

et al. 2020

Insect Science

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Use of genetically engineered plants that express insecticidal Cry proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been proven efficacious for managing lepidopteran pests. However, in some cases herbivores that are not targeted by the Bt trait have increased in importance. It has been suggested that reduced caterpillar damage to Bt crops could lead to decreased levels of induced plant defensive compounds which might benefit other non-target herbivores. Here we investigated the potential effect of reduced damage by larvae of Mythimna separata on aphid populations in Bt corn. We compared the performance of Rhopalosiphum maidis feeding on non-Bt corn plants that had been infested by M. separata larvae or were uninfested. The results showed that caterpillar-infested corn plants significantly reduced the fitness of R. maidis leading to a prolonged nymphal development time, reduced adult longevity and fecundity compared to uninfested plants. Consequently, the population growth rate of corn aphids feeding on caterpillar-infested corn plants was significantly lower than on uninfested plants. As expected, the aphids performed significantly better on Lepidoptera-resistant Bt corn than on non-Bt corn when plants were infested with M. separata, since the caterpillars caused very little damage to the Bt plants. The current findings indicate that reduced M. separata infestation could benefit aphid development in Bt corn. Bt corn has the potential to be commercialized in China in the near future and aphids and other non-target pests should be monitored in the farming fields.

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Pests of Monocotyledon Crops

Cited by 16 publications

References 137 publications

Odor specificity testing in the assessment of efficacy and non-target risk forTrichogramma ostriniae(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Odor specificity testing in the assessment of efficacy and non-target risk forTrichogramma ostriniae(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Efficacy of Synthetic Pesticides Against Thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

Reduced Mythimna separata infestation on Bt corn could benefit aphids

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