PET and SPECT in whiplash syndrome: a new approach to a forgotten brain?

Otte, Andreas; Ettlin, Thierry; Nitzsche, Egbert U.; Wachter, K.; Hoegerle, Stefan; Simon, Gerhard; Fierz, Lukas; Moser, E.; Müeller-Brand, Jan

doi:10.1136/jnnp.63.3.368

Cited by 57 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The finding of a reduced rCBF in the left temporoparietal region, mainly located in somatosensory area in the whiplash group compared to the healthy group (Fig. 1b) is interesting, even though not significant, since it is in concordance with previous studies showing changes in these regions [29]. This reduction might support afferent pain input with absent pain processing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Generalised hypersensitivity and central nervous pain mechanisms have been the focus of interest lately [2,9,38]. Earlier studies indicate a parieto-occipital hypoperfusion but it is unclear if the hypoperfusion represents a response to chronic pain [14,[28][29][30][31]. It has been suggested that these blood flow changes may be caused by activation of nociceptive afferent nerves from the cervical spine [29].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Altered cerebral blood flow in chronic neck pain patients but not in whiplash patients: a 99mTc-HMPAO rCBF study

et al. 2006

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered cerebral blood flow in chronic neck pain patients but not in whiplash patients: a 99mTc-HMPAO rCBF study

et al. 2006

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“…On the other hand, the structure of the proteins is altered during hydrolysis since buried hydrophobic groups are exposed and free to interact. It is proposed that noncovalent interactions, mainly electrostatic and hydrophobic, are major interacting forces since they promote aggregation and subsequent gel settings (Fuke et al, 1985, Otte et al, 1996, Otte et al, 1997, Jeewanthi et al, 2015. However, Kuipers et al (2005) concluded based on their findings that the aggregation is not a simple balance between repulsive electrostatic and attractive hydrophobic interactions, but much more complex.…”

Section: Gelling Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Peptides: Production, bioactivity, functionality, and applications

Hajfathalian

Ghelichi

Moreno

et al. 2017

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

138

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Production of peptides with various effects from proteins of different sources continues to receive academic attention. Researchers of different disciplines are putting increasing efforts to produce bioactive and functional peptides from different sources such as plants, animals, and food industry by-products. The aim of this review is to introduce production methods of hydrolysates and peptides and provide a comprehensive overview of their bioactivity in terms of their effects on immune, cardiovascular, nervous, and gastrointestinal systems. Moreover, functional and antioxidant properties of hydrolysates and isolated peptides are reviewed. Finally, industrial and commercial applications of bioactive peptides including their use in nutrition and production of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals are discussed.

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“…There may be several explanations for these results, and one possibility that the authors discussed was central dysfunction among patients with the most pronounced changes. Studies using positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with long-term complaints after whiplash injury have found parieto-occipital hypoperfusion [188][189][190][191]. However, Bicik et al [16] found no correlation between abnormal PET or SPECT findings and either cognitive symptoms or metabolic changes, and concluded that such examinations were of no diagnostic value for the individual patient.…”

Section: Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 96%

Whiplash injuries and associated disorders: new insights into an old problem

Rydevik¹,

Szpalski²,

Aebi³

et al. 2008

Eur Spine J

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SummaryThe Medical Task Force of the Swedish Society of Medicine and the Whiplash Commission has come to the following main conclusions:The term ''whiplash'' is so generally accepted that it should continue to be used, but the term ''whiplash trauma'' should only be used to refer to indirect cervical spine trauma. By deleting WAD grades 0 and IV from the classification system introduced in 1995 by the Quebec Task Force (QTF), the diagnosis of whiplash injury will be more exact and more realistically defined, which will reduce the risk of misunderstanding.The reported incidence of whiplash injuries in Sweden varies depending on the particular investigation cited, and ranges between 1.0 and 3.2/1000 per year. Whiplash injuries represent approximately 1/3 of all claims submitted after traffic injuries to insurance companies in Sweden, and give rise to a medical disability rate of 10% or more. Various studies of how the possibility of an insurance claim influences the course of a whiplash injury have produced quite different results, but generally there is no evidence of significant differences in outcome between those who have and have not sought claim.Ligament injuries can rarely be demonstrated acutely after whiplash trauma, and radiologically verified instability later in the course of the injury is also rare. Experimental studies have shown that whiplash trauma can lead to loads on discs and facet joints that might result in injury of these structures, but there is no scientific evidence to verify such injuries in patients with whiplash injury. Certain studies indicate that a dysfunction in the nervous system may exist in a small proportion of patients with whiplash injury.A series of physiological changes occurs in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems after whiplash injury, comprising peripheral as well as central sensitisation. There is no scientific evidence that such physiological changes are specific to the pain associated with whiplash injury; similar changes have been shown to occur in association with various other pain conditions, acute as well as long-term.It is likely that any previous mental ill-health and the patient's current mental state are both important for the clinical development and course of whiplash injury. To minimise the risk of long-term problems among people with acute whiplash injury, concurrently occurring acute stress disorder (ASD) and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) should be diagnosed and treated. It is also important to diagnose and adequately treat possible sleep disorder, depression, or anxiety among people with whiplash injury.Neck problems in terms of pain and stiffness, either with or without objective clinical findings such as decreased range of motion and tenderness at palpation (WAD grades I and II), are most common. Symptoms usually appear within the first day and up to a few days after whiplash trauma. Headache commonly occurs, along with pain in the shoulders and the thoracic spine. Neurological symptoms are present in approximately 20% of pat...

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PET and SPECT in whiplash syndrome: a new approach to a forgotten brain?

Cited by 57 publications

References 11 publications

Altered cerebral blood flow in chronic neck pain patients but not in whiplash patients: a 99mTc-HMPAO rCBF study

Altered cerebral blood flow in chronic neck pain patients but not in whiplash patients: a 99mTc-HMPAO rCBF study

Peptides: Production, bioactivity, functionality, and applications

Whiplash injuries and associated disorders: new insights into an old problem

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