Journal of Nuclear Cardiology

2017

DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0370-6

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PET/CT evaluation of 18F-FDG uptake in pericoronary adipose tissue in patients with stable coronary artery disease: Independent predictor of atherosclerotic lesions’ formation?

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Małgorzata Kobylecka

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Magdalena Zielenkiewicz

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et al.

Abstract: Inflammatory activity of PCAT is greater than in other fat locations, in CAD is greater than in non-CAD controls, and is independently associated with coronary stenosis. In overweight patients, PCAT SUV correlates with the extent of CAD.

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Cited by 59 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…It is known that the thickness of perivascular adipose tissue surrounding the coronary arteries (PCAT) correlates with the CV risk factors, as well as with the degree of coronary artery calcification. In the group of overweight patients with stable coronary artery disease, it has been also shown that the metabolic activity of PCAT measured in positron emission tomography positively correlates with the related coronary artery stenosis [13].…”

Section: Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 95%

Cardiovascular risk reduction in sedentary postmenopausal women during organised physical activity

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et al. 2017

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A b s t r a c tBackground: Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are a major cause of death in elderly women. Aerobic training improves component CV risk factors. Long-term, higher-intensity, group-based and home-based exercise training has been shown to improve exercise performance. However, it is not clear if short-term, group-based or home-based training with an educational programme permanently improves cardiometabolic parameters in elderly women. Aim:The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of organised physical activity programmes dedicated to elderly, sedentary women.Methods: Thirty-five sedentary women, aged > 55 years (mean 65.4 ± 7.3 years) were enrolled in a two-week group-based physical training programme of moderate intensity (2.5-5.0 METs) followed by three months of organised, home-based physical activity targeting all major muscle groups with special emphasis on postural muscles, combined with an educational programme about physical activity and CV risk. Eighteen months of self-guided physical activity was the final stage of training. Medical examination and blood samples were collected at baseline and after each step of exercises.Results: Each step of training resulted in a reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), body mass index (p < 0.05), waist to hip ratio (p < 0.02), and low-density lipoprotein (p < 0.05) as compared to baseline. The time of exercise (p < 0.01), maximal tolerated load, and maximal oxygen consumption (p < 0.001) were significantly improved after two-weeks of training, as well as the high-density lipoprotein (p < 0.001). These changes remained significant after three months. Finally, the 10-year risk of fatal CV disease reduced significantly (p < 0.05). After 18 months 2/3 of subjects continued physical activity at a sufficient level to achieve additional health benefits according to the World Health Organisation.Conclusions: Organised, group-based exercise followed by home-based training and self-guided physical activities constantly improves cardiometabolic parameters and reduces CV risk.

“…It is known that the thickness of perivascular adipose tissue surrounding the coronary arteries (PCAT) correlates with the CV risk factors, as well as with the degree of coronary artery calcification. In the group of overweight patients with stable coronary artery disease, it has been also shown that the metabolic activity of PCAT measured in positron emission tomography positively correlates with the related coronary artery stenosis [13].…”

Section: Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 95%

Cardiovascular risk reduction in sedentary postmenopausal women during organised physical activity

¹

,

²

,

³

et al. 2017

Self Cite

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A b s t r a c tBackground: Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are a major cause of death in elderly women. Aerobic training improves component CV risk factors. Long-term, higher-intensity, group-based and home-based exercise training has been shown to improve exercise performance. However, it is not clear if short-term, group-based or home-based training with an educational programme permanently improves cardiometabolic parameters in elderly women. Aim:The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of organised physical activity programmes dedicated to elderly, sedentary women.Methods: Thirty-five sedentary women, aged > 55 years (mean 65.4 ± 7.3 years) were enrolled in a two-week group-based physical training programme of moderate intensity (2.5-5.0 METs) followed by three months of organised, home-based physical activity targeting all major muscle groups with special emphasis on postural muscles, combined with an educational programme about physical activity and CV risk. Eighteen months of self-guided physical activity was the final stage of training. Medical examination and blood samples were collected at baseline and after each step of exercises.Results: Each step of training resulted in a reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), body mass index (p < 0.05), waist to hip ratio (p < 0.02), and low-density lipoprotein (p < 0.05) as compared to baseline. The time of exercise (p < 0.01), maximal tolerated load, and maximal oxygen consumption (p < 0.001) were significantly improved after two-weeks of training, as well as the high-density lipoprotein (p < 0.001). These changes remained significant after three months. Finally, the 10-year risk of fatal CV disease reduced significantly (p < 0.05). After 18 months 2/3 of subjects continued physical activity at a sufficient level to achieve additional health benefits according to the World Health Organisation.Conclusions: Organised, group-based exercise followed by home-based training and self-guided physical activities constantly improves cardiometabolic parameters and reduces CV risk.

“…However, while inflammation and PAT thickness have been suggested to show positive associations with the degree of arterial stenosis [31], a paradox has been observed in clinical practice, whereby a low EAT volume was associated with a reduced myocardial salvage area and a larger infarct size in patients with a first ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [32]. Therefore, studies of the roles of different inflammatory cells in PAT are important to elucidate CAD pathophysiology and identify new therapeutic targets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perivascular Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease: An Autopsy Study Protocol

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et al. 2016

JMIR Res Protoc

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BackgroundPerivascular adipose tissue (PAT) inflammation may have a role in coronary artery disease (CAD) pathophysiology. However, most evidence has come from samples obtained during surgical procedures that may imply in some limitations. Moreover, the role of B lymphocytes and inflammation in PAT that is adjacent to unstable atheroma plaques has not been investigated in humans using morphometric measurements.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate the inflammation in PAT, subcutaneous, and perirenal adipose tissues (SAT and PrAT) among chronic CAD, acute CAD, and control groups in an autopsy study.MethodsHeart, SAT, and PrAT samples are collected from autopsied subjects in a general autopsy service, with the written informed consent of the next-of-kin (NOK). Sociodemographic and clinical data are obtained from a semistructure interview with the NOK. Coronary arteries are dissected and PAT are removed. Sections with the greatest arterial obstruction or unstable plaques, and the local with absence of atherosclerosis in all coronary arteries are sampled. PAT are represented adjacent to these fragments. Adipose tissues are fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde solution and analyzed immunohistochemically for macrophages (CD68), macrophage polarization (CD11c for proinflammatory and CD206 for anti-inflammatory), B lymphocytes (CD20), and T lymphocytes (CD3). Slides will be scanned, and inflammatory cells will be quantified in 20 random fields. Participants will be categorized in CAD groups, after morphometric measurement of arterial obstruction and plaque composition analysis in accordance with American Heart Association classification. Three study groups will be investigated: acute CAD (at least one unstable plaque); chronic CAD (≥50% arterial obstruction); and controls (<50% arterial obstruction). Inflammatory cells in PAT, SAT, and PrAT will be counted and compared between groups using multivariate linear regression, adjusted for age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, alcohol use, and smoking.ResultsWe present the methods of our study that was developed from 2 pilots. Currently, data collection and tissue processing are ongoing. Data collection, histology and immunochemistry procedures, and quantification of all inflammatory cells are expected to be concluded within 1 year.ConclusionsThis study will contribute for the understanding of the mechanisms of CAD pathophysiology because it will help to clarify the role of inflammation both in chronic and acute CAD.

“…Images were acquired with a Biograph 64 PET/CT scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Inc.) operating with Somaris/5 SyngoCT 2006 software, as described previously [4]. CT data were used both for attenuation correction of PET data and anatomic structure recognition for precise localization of 18F-FDG uptake.…”

Section: Acquisition Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the myocardial FDG-PET image quality with the use of maximal Standardized Uptake Value myocardial to background index. Application of the results in regard to semiquantitative assessment of myocardial viability with cardiac dedicated softwar

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Fronczewska-Wieniawska

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et al. 2017

Nucl. Med. Rev.

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