PET-CT in Clinical Adult Oncology—VI. Primary Cutaneous Cancer, Sarcomas and Neuroendocrine Tumors

Abstract

PET-CT is an advanced imaging modality with many oncologic applications, including staging, therapeutic assessment, restaging and surveillance for recurrence. The goal of this series of six review articles is to provide practical information to providers and imaging professionals regarding the best use of PET-CT for specific oncologic indications, the potential pitfalls and nuances that characterize these applications, and guidelines for image interpretation. Tumor-specific clinical information and representative PET-CT images are provided. The current, sixth article in this series addresses PET-CT in an evaluation of aggressive cutaneous malignancies, sarcomas and neuroendocrine tumors. A discussion of the role of FDG PET for all types of tumors in these categories is beyond the scope of this review. Rather, this article focuses on the most common malignancies in adult patients encountered in clinical practice. It also focuses on Food and Drug Agency (FDA)-approved and clinically available radiopharmaceuticals rather than research tracers or those requiring a local cyclotron. This information will serve as a guide to primary providers for the appropriate role of PET-CT in managing patients with cutaneous malignancies, sarcomas and neuroendocrine tumors. The nuances of PET-CT interpretation as a practical guide for imaging providers, including radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians and their trainees, are also addressed.

Prunetin Triggers ROS-mediated Apoptosis through the Suppression of MAPKs/STAT-3/NF-κB-p65 Signaling Pathway in Human Osteosarcoma Cells

“…Scientists have explored novel agents or molecules that may be used to treat numerous tumors including OS. PRU has been revealed to display several valuable activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, and also controlling proteolytic action (Ahn et al, 2013; Carrle & Bielack, 2006; Fine et al, 2022). However, the anticancer efficacy of PRU on human OS cells MG-63 has not yet been reported so far.…”

Advancements in Dermatological Imaging Modalities

“…Hence, it is employed for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various cancers, including skin cancers. [ 86 ] Paraneoplastic dermatoses: Associated with internal neoplasms but not a direct manifestation of the primary tumor; paraneoplastic dermatosis requires identifying internal malignancy. PET-CT is commonly used when specific signs of internal malignancy are not overt.…”

“…Hence, it is employed for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various cancers, including skin cancers. [ 86 ]…”

N-Benzylethanolammonium Ionic Liquids and Molten Salts in the Synthesis of 68Ga- and Al18F-Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals

“…We have recently developed GB-ILs based on hydroxyalkylammonium cations (triethanolammonium (TEA)) [ 22 ], tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl ammonium (TRIS) [ 22 ], diethanolammonium (DEA) [ 23 ], tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium (TPA) [ 24 ], bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl ammonium (BIS-TRIS) [ 25 ] and N , N , N ′, N ′-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylene diammonium (THEED) [ 26 ]) and biologically active carboxylic acids, which proved to be effective buffer agents in 68 Ga-radiolabeling of bifunctional chelating agents (BCAs) and peptides. Today, 68 Ga-based radiopharmaceuticals with receptor-targeted peptides have a great clinical impact, especially in PET diagnosis of prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumors [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. As is known, the formation of the 68 Ga-chelator complex is possible only in a certain pH range [ 31 ].…”