PET radiotracers and fluorescent probes for imaging human carbonic anhydrase IX and XII in hypoxic tumors

Goud, Nerella Sridhar; Singh, Priti; Thacker, Pavitra S.; Arifuddin, Mohammed; Supuran, Claudiu T.

doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106399

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…In the biomedical field, they are utilized to monitor changes in intracellular pH levels [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], metal ion concentrations [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], protein interactions [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], and reactive oxygen species [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], playing a crucial role in understanding cell functions, disease mechanisms, and evaluating drug efficacy. Fluorescent and colorimetric probes also play a key role in environmental monitoring [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], chemical analysis [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], industrial process control [ 29 , 30 ], and medical diagnosis [ 31 , 32 ], for instance, in detecting harmful substances in water quality, monitoring chemical reactions in industrial production processes, and diagnosing diseases and tracking drug distribution in clinical medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Photoswitchable Fluorescent and Colorimetric Probes

Chen,

Tang,

Yang

et al. 2024

Molecules

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In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the research of photoswitchable probes. These probes undergo reversible structural and electronic changes upon light exposure, thus exhibiting vast potential in molecular detection, biological imaging, material science, and information storage. Through precisely engineered molecular structures, the photoswitchable probes can toggle between “on” and “off” states at specific wavelengths, enabling highly sensitive and selective detection of targeted analytes. This review systematically presents photoswitchable fluorescent and colorimetric probes built on various molecular photoswitches, primarily focusing on the types involving photoswitching in their detection and/or signal response processes. It begins with an analysis of various molecular photoswitches, including their photophysical properties, photoisomerization and photochromic mechanisms, and fundamental design concepts for constructing photoswitchable probes. The article then elaborates on the applications of these probes in detecting diverse targets, including cations, anions, small molecules, and biomacromolecules. Finally, it offers perspectives on the current state and future development of photoswitchable probes. This review aims to provide a clear introduction for researchers in the field and guidance for the design and application of new, efficient fluorescent and colorimetric probes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Photoswitchable Fluorescent and Colorimetric Probes

Chen,

Tang,

Yang

et al. 2024

Molecules

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“…To date, fluorescent probes are considered to be one of the most powerful tools for monitoring biological species in biological systems. – On account of their desirable selectivity and sensitivity, excellent biocompatibility, and favorable spatial and temporal resolution, they have got a wide application in the CA detection. – Up to now, dozens of different types of CA fluorescent probes have been reported, – e.g., direct-conjugated recognition group on fluorophores; , one- or two-step photoaffinity probes; and one- or two-step electrophilic reaction probes. , However, in view of the availability, stability, and structural characterization clarity of CAs, most researchers regard CAs as model proteins for highlighting more modular research in probe designs. – In addition, the emission wavelength of the existing CAs environment-sensitive probes is short, which limits the in-depth application of probes in living tissues. ,, A red or near-infrared fluorescent probe (>600 nm) allows penetration into deep tissues with little autofluorescence interference, which is suitable for imaging CAs in living cells or tissues and is an ideal choice for exploring biological systems. – …”

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confidence: 99%

Imaging of Carbonic Anhydrase Level in Epilepsy with an Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent Probe

Zhang,

Chen,

Zhong

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

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Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) participate in various physiological and pathological activities by catalyzing the interconversion between carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ions. Under normal circumstances, they guarantee that the relevant biological reactions in our body occur within an appropriate time scale. Abnormal expression or activity alteration of CAs is closely related to the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. This work reports an inhibitor-directed fluorescent probe FMRs-CA for the detection of CAs. Excellent selectivity, favorable biocompatibility, and desirable blood−brain barrier (BBB) penetration endow the probe with the ability to image the fluctuation of CAs in cells and mice. We achieved in situ visualization of the increased CAs in hypoxic cells with this probe. Additionally, probe FMRs-CA was mainly enriched within the liver and gradually metabolized by the liver. With the help of FMRs-CA, the increase of CAs in epileptic mouse brains was revealed first from the perspective of imaging, providing the mechanism connection between abnormal CA expressions and epilepsy.

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