Pet-related Pasteurella multocida induced peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: a case report and review of the literatures

Abstract

Background: P. multocida (Pasteurella multocida) is animal-sourced gram-negative coccobacillus which can be transmitted to human through many animals including household pets. P. multocida induced peritoneal dialysisrelated peritonitis has rarely been reported. In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of P. multocida induced peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis, for the reason that patients with PD at home bred household pets. In this study, we present a case of a P. multocida induced peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis, which is suspected to be caused through intimate contact with a household cat and we have reviewed 28 cases reported before and give suggestions for treatment and the way of prevention. Case presentation: A 75-year-old man with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) for nearly 5 years on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was admitted to the nephrology department with a 1-week history of abdominal pain and a cloudy peritoneal dialysis effluent. Based on the history, physical examination and laboratory results with the findings in the peritoneal dialysis fluid, a diagnosis of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis was confirmed. The final culture of initial peritoneal effluent results indicated the organism was P. multocida. After a 12day antibiotic treatment, the condition of patient was not improved. The patient was switched to ampicillin/ sulbactam (3 g intravenously) twice every day and the condition was improved significantly. On further inquiring, the patient reported that he had had a cat at home and when the patient did CAPD, the cat was usually playing with the tubing or contacting the patient during CAPD. Conclusion: In our case and reviewed cases, P. multocida induced peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis could be cured by proper antibiotic treatment. If individuals keep the pet away from the PD process, the infection route may be severed. P. multocida induced peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis does not need catheter removal and exchange with hemodialysis except long-time intractable peritonitis.

Pasteurella multocida Infection Presented With Frequent Diarrhea in the Cirrhotic Patient

“…Pasteurella multocida infection has been reported to cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients, including those with liver cirrhosis [1,2]. In addition to skin and soft tissue infections and pneumonia, which are relatively frequent, there have been reports of peritonitis [3], meningitis [4], and endocarditis [5]; however, there was only one report of Pasteurella bacteremia preceded by symptoms of enteritis [6]. In this study, we report the second case of P. multocida bacteremia preceded by frequent diarrhea.…”

“…Pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections are the second most common site of infection and are more likely to occur in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other chronic respiratory diseases as comorbidities [8]. Peritonitis, meningitis, and pericarditis can also occur in immunocompromised patients with conditions such as cirrhosis, advanced age, chronic renal failure, malignancy, and diabetes mellitus [3,4,8]. However, there was only one report of bacteremia triggered by symptoms of enteritis such as frequent diarrhea [6].…”

Opportunists in peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: the example of Paracoccus yeei

“…epidermidis and S. aureus , Gram-negative organisms or even fungus are involved owing to the mode of entry: skin and catheter-related, gut-associated translocation or hematogenous seeding. Various unexpected exogenous opportunistic micro-organisms originating from the patient's environment have been reported to cause exit site, tunnel infection and peritonitis (4,5). Paracoccus yeei is an aerobic Gram-negative coccobacillus, found in soil and water.…”

Opportunistic peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: The example of Paracoccusyeei

“…Skin colonizers such as S epidermidis and S aureus , Gram‐negative organisms, or even fungus are involved owing to the mode of entry: skin and catheter‐related, gut‐associated translocation or hematogenous seeding. Various unexpected exogenous opportunistic micro‐organisms originating from the patient's environment have been reported to cause exit site, tunnel infection, and peritonitis 4,5 . Paracoccus yeei is an aerobic Gram‐negative coccobacillus, found in soil and water.…”

“…Various unexpected exogenous opportunistic micro-organisms originating from the patient's environment have been reported to cause exit site, tunnel infection, and peritonitis. 4,5 Paracoccus yeei is an aerobic Gram-negative coccobacillus, found in soil and water. It can develop biofilms on plastic surface and has recently been identified as an opportunistic pathogen in human disease.…”