Petal Saturation Affects Visible Flower Senescence in Cut Lilies

In the petals of some species of flowers, programmed cell death (PCD) begins earlier in mesophyll cells than in epidermal cells. However, PCD progression in each cell type has not been characterized in detail. We separately constructed a time course of biochemical signs and expression patterns of PCD-associated genes in epidermal and mesophyll cells in Lilium cv. Yelloween petals. Before visible signs of senescence could be observed, we found signs of PCD, including DNA degradation and decreased protein content in mesophyll cells only. In these cells, the total proteinase activity increased on the day after anthesis. Within 3 days after anthesis, the protein content decreased by 61.8%, and 22.8% of mesophyll cells was lost. A second peak of proteinase activity was observed on day 6, and the number of mesophyll cells decreased again from days 4 to 7. These biochemical and morphological results suggest that PCD progressed in steps during flower life in the mesophyll cells. PCD began in epidermal cells on day 5, in temporal synchrony with the time course of visible senescence. In the mesophyll cells, the KDEL-tailed cysteine proteinase (LoCYP) and S1/P1 nuclease (LoNUC) genes were upregulated before petal wilting, earlier than in epidermal cells. In contrast, relative to that in the mesophyll cells, the expression of the SAG12 cysteine proteinase homolog (LoSAG12) drastically increased in epidermal cells in the final stage of senescence. These results suggest that multiple PCD-associated genes differentially contribute to the time lag of PCD progression between epidermal and mesophyll cells of lily petals.

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“…In petals of Lilium cv. Yelloween, the first visible sign of senescence was color fading in the petals [ 32 ]. In Lilium cv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The progression of PCD in epidermal cells may trigger a decrease of carotenoid content in petals and induce color fading in Lilium cv. Yelloween [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmed Cell Death Progresses Differentially in Epidermal and Mesophyll Cells of Lily Petals

et al. 2015

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“…When purchasing cut flowers, many consumers place a high value on their vase life (Imanishi et al, 1992;Mochizuki-Kawai et al, 2012). The vase life of cut gerbera flowers is thought to be short.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Vase Life of Cut Gerbera Flowers is Extended by Combined Treatment with Gibberellin A3 and Calcium Chloride

Tonooka,

Iriya,

Ichimura

2024

Hortic J

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Treatment with calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) is known to suppress the occurrence of flower stem bending and extend the vase life of cut gerbera. To clarify whether vase life extension by CaCl 2 is improved by combined treatment with gibberellin A 3 (GA 3 ), the effect of treatment with 50 mg•L −1 GA 3 , 5 g•L −1 CaCl 2 or in combination on the vase life of the cut gerbera ʻMinouʼ was investigated. To inhibit bacterial proliferation, which is known to shorten vase life, an isothiazoline antimicrobial compound was included in the vase solution. Treatment with GA 3 alone delayed the opening of tubular florets and increased the area of unopen florets, but stem elongation which led to stem bending shortened vase life. Treatment with GA 3 in combination with CaCl 2 suppressed the occurrence of stem bending. Combined treatment with GA 3 and CaCl 2 extended the vase life of cut gerbera more than treatment with CaCl 2 alone. To clarify whether GA 3 delays petal senescence, the effect of GA 3 at 10 and 50 mg•L −1 on petal senescence was investigated using shortened stems. GA 3 at both concentrations significantly delayed petal senescence. Combined treatment with GA 3 and CaCl 2 also significantly extended the vase life of the cut gerbera ʻKimseyʼ and ʻSandyʼ. It was concluded that combined treatment with GA 3 and CaCl 2 is a suitable treatment for extending the vase life of cut gerbera.

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“…

decreased ornamental value judged by human subjects in Oriental-Trumpet hybrid cut lily (Lilium) (Mochizuki-Kawai et al 2012) and tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) flowers (Mochizuki-Kawai et al 2014).To improve the vase life of cut flowers, clarifying the factors inducing their senescence will be important. The best known and most important factor is ethylene, a phytohormone that induces senescence of flowers, maturation of fruit and abscission of leaves.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…decreased ornamental value judged by human subjects in Oriental-Trumpet hybrid cut lily (Lilium) (Mochizuki-Kawai et al 2012) and tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) flowers (Mochizuki-Kawai et al 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Postharvest Characteristics of Cut Flowers and Techniques for Extending Vase Life, with a Focus on Eustoma, Gentiana and Dahlia

Shimizu-Yumoto¹

2018

AGri-Biosci. Monogr. (AGBM)

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decreased ornamental value judged by human subjects in Oriental-Trumpet hybrid cut lily (Lilium) (Mochizuki-Kawai et al. 2012) and tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) flowers (Mochizuki-Kawai et al. 2014).To improve the vase life of cut flowers, clarifying the factors inducing their senescence will be important. The best known and most important factor is ethylene, a phytohormone that induces senescence of flowers, maturation of fruit and abscission of leaves. The ethylene biosynthesis pathway is methionine AE Sadenosylmethionine (SAM) AE 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) AE ethylene. Since the methyl group is reutilized for methionine through the Yang cycle, ethylene is biosynthesized continuously. Consequently, a rapid and remarkable increase in ethylene is induced at flower senescence. Moreover, the amount of ethylene increases autocatalytically because ethylene production is accelerated by treatment with exogenous ethylene (Veen 1979). ACC synthase and ACC oxidase are important in regulation of ethylene biosynthesis.

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Petal Saturation Affects Visible Flower Senescence in Cut Lilies

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Programmed Cell Death Progresses Differentially in Epidermal and Mesophyll Cells of Lily Petals

Programmed Cell Death Progresses Differentially in Epidermal and Mesophyll Cells of Lily Petals

The Vase Life of Cut Gerbera Flowers is Extended by Combined Treatment with Gibberellin A<sub>3</sub> and Calcium Chloride

Postharvest Characteristics of Cut Flowers and Techniques for Extending Vase Life, with a Focus on <i>Eustoma</i>, <i>Gentiana</i> and <i>Dahlia</i>

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