Petiole Growth in Ranunculus sceleratus L.: Ethylene Synthesis and Submergence

Samarakoon, Ananda B.; Horton, Roger F.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086790

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The physiology of the stimulation of shoot elongation of R. sceleratus by submergence has been well studied, and is linked to entrapment of the gaseous plant hormone ethylene. Some leaf-borne auxin together with an enhanced endogenous level of ethylene is required to stimulate petiole elongation in this species (Samarakoon and Horton 1984;Rijnders et al 1996). R. repens was by far the most tolerant Ranunculus species under submerged conditions in complete darkness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Survival tactics of Ranunculus species in river floodplains

He¹,

Bögemann²,

Steeg³

et al. 1999

Oecologia

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The flooding resistance of four Ranunculus species was studied under controlled conditions and related to the tactics used by these species to survive in their natural habitat in river floodplains. R. bulbosus, a species from seldom-flooded river levées, was relatively intolerant of both waterlogging and complete submergence, due to a constitutively low level of aerenchyma in the root system. This lack of gas spaces resulted in high mortality rates during flooding treatments and an inability to use photosynthetically derived oxygen for root respiration during complete submergence. The pioneer R. sceleratus, predominantly abundant in low lying mudflats, was very resistant to waterlogging and shallow floods. Due to its constitutively high root porosity and its ability to greatly increase the elongation rate of petioles under water this species can ameliorate flooding stress. However, when leaf blades of R. sceleratus were unable to reach the water surface, this species died as quickly as the flooding-intolerant R. bulbosus. This indicates that fast elongation of petioles under water competes for energy and respirable reserves with maintenance processes. R. repens, a species from lower, frequently inundated floodplains, was very tolerant of prolonged waterlogging and submergence. Its high resistance to complete submergence under continuous darkness indicates that this species tolerates hypoxic and/or anoxic tissue conditions via metabolic adjustments. Lysigenous aerenchyma was also induced in the primary root system and in newly developed laterals, and it was able to use oxygen generated by underwater photosynthesis, for root respiration. R. acris, a species from less frequently flooded areas, was as resistant to waterlogging and submergence in the light as R. repens. However, it has a lower resistance than R. repens to complete submergence in the dark. A submergence pre-treatment increased the maximum net underwater photosynthetic rate in R. bulbosus, whereas a significant decrease of light compensation points was observed in R. repens when it had previously been submerged. This study shows that Ranunculus species exhibit various strategies to cope with different flooding conditions. R. repens responds to flooding by its tolerance mechanism and R. sceleratus by avoidance. R. acris ameliorates submergence and R. bulbosus was not able to adapt high water tables.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Survival tactics of Ranunculus species in river floodplains

He¹,

Bögemann²,

Steeg³

et al. 1999

Oecologia

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“…In other species, such as Callitriche platycarpa, Nymphoides peltata and Oryza sativa, internal concentrations reported for submerged plants, measured with traditional and thus problematic techniques, reach values of only 1000-2000 nl 1-' (Musgrave, Jackson and Ling, 1972;Malone and Ridge, 1983;Mtraux and Kende, 1983). However, the much higher concentration of 6000 nl 1 1 was described for Ranunculus sceleratus when submerged for 24 h (Samarakoon and Horton, 1984). Jackson and co-workers (1987) also reported relatively high internal ethylene concentrations (2200-11 800 nl 1-1) in submerged shoots of rice plants.…”

Section: Case Study 1: Determination Of Endogenous Ethylene Concentramentioning

confidence: 92%

Laser-driven Photoacoustic Spectroscopy: What We Can Do with it in Flooding Research

Voesenek¹,

Banga²,

Rijnders³

et al. 1997

Annals of Botany

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Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a highly sensitive technique for measuring low molecular weight gases such as the plant hormone ethylene. Due to its high sensitivity (10 pl 1 -ethylene), photoacoustic spectroscopy can be combined with flow-through systems that avoid the need for enclosing excised plant parts in small volumes for head-space analysis. In this way, artifacts introduced by various accumulation techniques can be avoided and ethylene production monitored at short intervals in air or other gas mixtures as it flows out of a cuvette enclosing all or part of an intact plant. The principles of this technique are described. Three case studies demonstrate the application of photoacoustic spectroscopy in flooding research. These studies concentrate on accurate measurement of endogenous ethylene concentrations in submerged shoots and roots, root ethylene production under subambient oxygen pressures and the simultaneous measurement of ethylene production and leaf growth. In addition, the qualitative and quantitive methods previously used to measure the gaseous plant hormone ethylene are briefly reviewed. Finally, the future prospects of photoacoustic spectroscopy in flooding research are discussed. © 1997 Annals of Botany Company

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“…In most other plant species, intemal concentrations are approximately 1 to 2 nL mL-' (Musgrave et al, 1972;Malone, 1983;Métraux and Kende, 1983;Raskin and Kende, 1984). A much higher concentration of 6 nL mL-' was described for Ranunculus sceleratus submerged for 24 h (Samarakoon and Horton, 1984). Jackson et al (1987) also reported relatively high intemal ethylene concentrations (2.2-1 1.8 nL mL-') in shoots of rice plants (Oryza sativa L. cv IR42).…”

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confidence: 96%

Submergence-Induced Ethylene Synthesis, Entrapment, and Growth in Two Plant Species with Contrasting Flooding Resistances

et al. 1993

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Submergence-induced ethylene synthesis and entrapment were studied in two contrasting Rumex species, one flood-resistant (Rumex palustris) and the other flood-sensitive (Rumex acefosa). The application of a photoacoustic method to determine internal ethylene concentrations in submerged plants is discussed. A comparison with an older technique (vacuum extraction) is described. For the first time ethylene production before, during, and after submergence and the endogenous concentration during submergence were continuously measured on a single intact plant without physical perturbation. Both Rumex species were characterized by enhanced ethylene concentrations in the shoot after 24 h of submergence. This was not related to enhanced synthesis but to continued production and physical entrapment. In R. palustris, high endogenous ethylene levels correlated with enhanced petiole and lamina elongation. No dramatic change in leaf growth rate was observed in submerged R. acetosa shoots. After desubmergence both species showed an increase in ethylene production, the response being more pronounced in R. palustris. This increase was linked to the enhanced postsubmergence growth rate of leaves of R. palustris. Due to the very rapid escape of ethylene out of desubmerged plants to the atmosphere (90% disappeared within 1 min), substantia1 underestimation of internal ethylene concentrations can be expected using more conventional vacuum extraction techniques.Enhanced stem or petiole elongation in response to submergence enables aquatic, semi-aquatic, and terrestrial plants to avoid the constraints of oxygen deficiency, toxins, and ion deficiency imposed by the flooded environment. The gaseous growth regulator ethylene plays a crucial role in the stimulation of shoot extension under water (Ku et al., 1970;Musgrave et al.,

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Petiole Growth in Ranunculus sceleratus L.: Ethylene Synthesis and Submergence

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Survival tactics of Ranunculus species in river floodplains

Survival tactics of Ranunculus species in river floodplains

Laser-driven Photoacoustic Spectroscopy: What We Can Do with it in Flooding Research

Submergence-Induced Ethylene Synthesis, Entrapment, and Growth in Two Plant Species with Contrasting Flooding Resistances

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