Petrels and Man

Warham, John

doi:10.1016/b978-012735415-6/50012-0

Cited by 71 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…Ignoring this species, the smallest bodied vertebrate is the indigenous gray-backed stormpetrel Garrodia nereis (38 g), which is close to the lower observed size limit for pelagic foraging seabirds (although the Least Petrel Halocyptena microsoma is somewhat smaller at 20 g; ref. 74) and perhaps close to the functional limit that is possible (75,76).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The animal species–body size distribution of Marion Island

Gaston

Chown

Mercer

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Body size is one of the most significant features of animals. Not only is it correlated with many life history and ecological traits, but it also may influence the abundance of species within, and their membership of, assemblages. Understanding of the latter processes is frequently based on a comparison of model outcomes with the frequency of species of different body mass within natural assemblages. Consequently, the form of these frequency distributions has been much debated. Empirical data usually concern taxonomically delineated groups, such as classes or orders, whereas the processes ultimately apply to whole assemblages. Here, we report the most complete animal species-body size distribution to date for those free-living species breeding on sub-Antarctic Marion Island and using the terrestrial environment. Extending over 15 orders of magnitude of variation in body mass, this distribution is bimodal, with separate peaks for invertebrates and vertebrates. Under logarithmic transformation, the distribution for vertebrates is not significantly skewed, whereas that for invertebrates is right-skewed. Contrary to expectation based on a fractal or pseudofractal environmental structure, the decline in the richness of species at the smallest body sizes is a real effect and not a consequence of unrecorded species or of species introductions to the island. The scarcity of small species might well be a consequence of their large geographic ranges.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The animal species–body size distribution of Marion Island

Gaston

Chown

Mercer

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…these time periods derive from hawaiian petrel and newell's shearwater breeding phenology and primary molt sequence for procellariiforms (simons 1985;Warham 1996;edwards and rohwer 2005;Pyle 2008;Deringer and holmes 2009).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional nasal salt glands occur in at least 13 different orders of birds and principally function to concentrate and excrete excess salt in the form of saline water (shoemaker 1972;Peaker and linzell 1975;goldstein 2001). Petrels, albatrosses and shearwaters are of particular interest because they are among the species that have the most highly developed nasal salt glands and they do not have access to fresh water for most or all of their lives (shoemaker 1972;skadhauge 1981;Warham 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected hydrogen isotope variation in oceanic pelagic seabirds

et al. 2014

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albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) and Buller's shearwater (Puffinus bulleri). the similarity between muscle δD values of hatch-year hawaiian petrels and their prey suggests that trophic fractionation does not influence δD values of muscle. We hypothesize that isotopic discrimination is associated with water loss during salt excretion through salt glands. salt load differs between seabirds that consume isosmotic squid and crustaceans and those that feed on hyposmotic teleost fish. In support of the salt gland hypothesis, we show an inverse relationship between δD and percent teleost fish in diet for three seabird species. Our results demonstrate the utility of δD in the study of oceanic consumers, while also contributing to a better understanding of δD systematics, the basis for one of the most commonly utilized isotope tools in avian ecology.

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“…However, the large numbers of bones suggest the presence of a substantial population at some time in the life of the colony (Worthy 1998e), which suggests that the process of colonisation and population growth was rapid. Despite laying a single-egg clutch and having delayed sexual maturity and high adult survivorship (Warham 1990(Warham , 1996, petrels can increase their populations or recover from small population sizes on timescales of decades rather than centuries, with or without immigration. Indeed, "the potential for a rapid build up is high once some key restraint is relaxed" (Warham 1996, p. 41).…”

Section: Human Settlementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment and extinction of a population of South Georgian diving petrel(Pelecanoides georgicus)at Mason Bay, Stewart Island, New Zealand, during the late Holocene

Holdaway¹,

Jones

Athfield

2003

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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A population of South Georgian diving petrels (Pelecanoides georgicus) (c. 130 g) became extinct at Mason Bay, on the west coast of Stewart Island, before European settlement. Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) bones with the diving petrel fossils provided an opportunity to determine whether the rats arrived before the petrels went extinct. Fifteen 14 C accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) ages on purified diving petrel bone gelatin from various parts of Mason Bay clustered unexpectedly in the 14th and 15th centuries AD, and none was older. Bayesian statistical analysis, using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo procedure, gave a 95% probability that the diving petrel colony was founded between 1338 and 1440 AD, lasted 40-310 years, and became extinct between 1475 and 1650 AD. Possible reasons for the late colonisation of Mason Bay by South Georgian diving petrels burrow are discussed. Bayesian analysis of five 14 C AMS determinations on Pacific rat bone gelatin did not exclude the possibility that the Pacific rat arrived before the diving petrel colony was established. However, the enriched 5 13 C of their bone gelatin suggests that the rats had a partially marine diet, and a terrestrial calibration procedure for their AMS ages was probably not appropriate. The Pacific rat is likely to have arrived after the diving petrel colony became established and probably caused the bird's extinction after a short period of coexistence.

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Petrels and Man

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

The animal species–body size distribution of Marion Island

The animal species–body size distribution of Marion Island

Unexpected hydrogen isotope variation in oceanic pelagic seabirds

Establishment and extinction of a population of South Georgian diving petrel(Pelecanoides georgicus)at Mason Bay, Stewart Island, New Zealand, during the late Holocene

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