Petrogenesis and mantle source characteristics of the late Cenozoic Baekdusan (Changbaishan) basalts, North China Craton

Machine Learning Reveals Source Compositions of Intraplate Basaltic Rocks

“…By comparing Yb versus Gb/Yb ratios with melt curves of multiple lithologies, Choi et al. (2020) suggested a hybrid eclogite (recycled oceanic crust)‐garnet peridotite source for the Changbaishan basalts. Yu et al.…”

“…As a case study, we apply our trained SVM and DNN models to infer source compositions of the Cenozoic intraplate basaltic rocks in Northeast China. Cenozoic intraplate basaltic rocks in Northeast China are widespread (Figure 5) and well studied (e.g., Choi et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2017; Yu et al., 2018), providing an ideal case to evaluate our ML models. The major oxide compositions of the Cenozoic basaltic rocks in Northeast China are extracted from the GEOROC geochemical database and compiled in Table .…”

“…The eastern and western group basalts have different primary magma compositions as the two group basalts show parallel evolution trends in the plot of Al 2 O 3 versus MgO (Figure 1). For the eastern group basaltic rocks, the most magnesian olivines phenocryst have Fo of 80–83 (Choi et al., 2020; Yu et al., 2018), corresponding to the melt Mg# of 0.55–0.60 following the formula Mg#(melt) = 1/([1/Fo−1]/K d + 1) where K d = 0.30 ± 0.03 (Roeder & Emslie, 1970). For the western group basaltic rocks, the most magnesian olivines have Fo of 85–89 (Zhang et al., 2016), corresponding to the melt Mg# of 0.63–0.71.…”

“…Although our inferred striking spatial variations in the source compositions of the Cenozoic basaltic rocks in NE China have not been identified by previous studies, our ML predictions are supported by independent geochemical evidence in some locations. By comparing Yb versus Gb/Yb ratios with melt curves of multiple lithologies, Choi et al (2020) suggested a hybrid eclogite (recycled oceanic crust)-garnet peridotite source for the Changbaishan basalts. Yu et al (2010) and Guo et al (2020) found a series of garnet pyroxenite xenoliths hosted by the Cenozoic basalt from Jiaohe, a location close to the east group basalt (Figure 5).…”

Evolution of Deformation Fabrics Related to Petrogenesis of Upper Mantle Xenoliths Beneath the Baekdusan Volcano

“…The Baekdusan (also called as Changbaishan in China) volcano is a prominent active volcano located on the border between China and North Korea. To date, few petrological and geochemical studies have been undertaken to investigate peridotite xenoliths hosted in basaltic rocks associated with this volcano [21,22]. Accordingly, the physicochemical heterogeneity of cratonic mantle in this region, and its relationship to local deformation fabrics and petrological characteristics (i.e., modal and chemical compositions), remains poorly constrained.…”