Petrogenesis of the Platinum-Group Minerals

O’Driscoll, Brian; Gonzáléz-Jiménez, José María

doi:10.2138/rmg.2016.81.09

Cited by 151 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 367 publications

(590 reference statements)

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“…The extent of sulfide exhaustion depends on local sulfur abundance, pressure of melting (Mavrogenes and O'Neill 1999) and melt composition. These reactions with melting result in the formation of PGM that become the major carriers of the PGE, as discussed in detail in this volume by O'Driscoll and González-Jiménez (2016). During melting, Ir and Os are strongly partitioned into the MSS, whereas Cu, Pt and Pd are partitioned into the coexisting melt (Brenan et al 2016 this volume).…”

Section: Base-metal Sulfide Occurrence Major Element Geochemistry Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mantle Sulfides and their Role in Re–Os and Pb Isotope Geochronology

Harvey¹,

Warren²,

Shirey³

2016

Highly Siderophile and Strongly Chalcophile Elements in High-Temperature Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry

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Section: Base-metal Sulfide Occurrence Major Element Geochemistry Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mantle Sulfides and their Role in Re–Os and Pb Isotope Geochronology

Harvey¹,

Warren²,

Shirey³

2016

Highly Siderophile and Strongly Chalcophile Elements in High-Temperature Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry

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“…In the sub-continental lithospheric mantle, sulfides are the most common carriers of PGEs. The PGE content of mantle sulfides is typically three orders of magnitude higher than the concentration in bulk rock mantle peridotite [45]. This can be explained by the tendency of PGEs to concentrate in sulfide melting [46].…”

Section: Pge Deposits In Southern Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Merensky reef consists of pegmatoidalmelanorite (70%-90% orthopyroxene) that contains base-metal sulfides and up to four chromite seams confining the pegmatoid layer [45,63,64]. The melanorite is about 10 cm to 30 cm thick, whereas the chromite seams measure 1 cm to 3 cm [45].…”

Section: The Bushveld Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of these mineral groups is heterogeneous throughout the Bushveld Complex: In some sections, Pt-Pd alloys dominate, whereas in others, Pt-Pd sulfides or Pt-Pd tellurides constitute the major share of PGE-bearing minerals. The upper and lower chromitite seams differ in composition: The lower seam comprises more than 48% (by area) of Pt-Pd sulfides, whereas the upper seam is dominated by Pt-Fe alloys (>45%) [45]. The PGE concentration is highest in the upper part of the layer [65].…”

Section: The Bushveld Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PGE Production in Southern Africa, Part I: Production and Market Trends

et al. 2017

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Platinum group elements (PGEs) are an important resource for many applications, such as automotive catalytic converters for vehicles, jewelry, electrical devices and as catalysts in the chemical and petroleum industries. At present, the greatest share of global PGE supply is extracted from the South African Bushveld Complex and from the Zimbabwean Great Dyke. In this context, this article provides a comprehensive summary of detailed mining data between 2010 and 2015 and discusses these in regard to the global PGE market. On the supply side, the data reveal that the production volumes as well as the ore grades fluctuated in recent years, while the mining and processing of economically less favorable Upper Group 2 (UG2) ore increased. The average head grade from 2010 to 2015 was 3.58 g 6E/t. In the long term, the ore grades decreased. On the market side, PGE prices and increasing (primary) production costs can be observed. On the market side, the demand for vehicles is expected to grow globally resulting in an increase in PGE demand. At the same time, secondary production is expected to increase and will eventually compete with primary production. These findings indicate challenging conditions for the Southern African PGE industry.

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“…The unique behaviour of PGE may provide significant insights into the crystallisation history and evolution of their mantle sources. PGE comprise also significant petrogenetic indicators, as they remain largely unaffected from geochemical processes that fractionate and modify the lithophile elements in silicate and non-silicate rocks [4,11,12]. Despite the fact that ophiolitic chromitites are generally poorer in PGE than layered intrusions (e.g., [8]), their study can provide evidence for the understanding of mantle processes and the geodynamic evolution of the oceanic lithosphere, yet comprising important carriers of PGM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Platinum-Group Minerals (PGM) from Othrys Chromitites (Greece) Using Superpanning Concentrates

et al. 2016

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Platinum-group minerals were concentrated using superpanning from two composite chromitite samples, which were collected from two old mines within the Othrys ophiolite. This method allows for the recovery of a broad spectrum of these rare and fine-grained minerals, and helps to better identify them and interpret their origin. Major differences between the east and west Othrys ophiolites were determined, probably as a result of their different origin and evolution. Primary Os-, Ir-, and Ru-bearing platinum-group minerals (IPGM)-alloys and the Rh-, Pt-and Pd-bearing platinum-group minerals (PPGM) occur only in the east Othrys chromitite, indicating an evolution from initially low f S2 conditions at shallower mantle levels with the subsequent implication of a S-saturated ascending fluid. In contrast, the absence of primary IPGM-alloys in west Othrys chromitite indicates that S saturation had been attained. The presence of erlichmanite suggests that sulphur fugacity eventually increased significantly in both suites. Substantial fluctuations of a fluid phase, likely related to serpentinising fluids, modified the platinum-group minerals (PGM) assemblage of west Othrys, and resulted in a large diversity of secondary PGM minerals. The limited number of secondary species developed in the east Othrys indicate that secondary processes were also different in the two suites.

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Petrogenesis of the Platinum-Group Minerals

Abstract: Artículo de publicación IS

Cited by 151 publications

References 367 publications

Mantle Sulfides and their Role in Re–Os and Pb Isotope Geochronology

Mantle Sulfides and their Role in Re–Os and Pb Isotope Geochronology

PGE Production in Southern Africa, Part I: Production and Market Trends

Investigation of Platinum-Group Minerals (PGM) from Othrys Chromitites (Greece) Using Superpanning Concentrates

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