Petrogenetic relationships between Variscan granitoids and Li-(F-P)-rich aplite-pegmatites in the Central Iberian Zone: Geological and geochemical constraints and implications for other regions from the European Variscides

Roda-Robles, Encarnación; Villaseca, Carlos; Pesquera, Alfonso; Crespo, Pedro Pablo Gil; Vieira, Romeu; Lima, Alexandre; Garate-Olave, Idoia

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.02.027

Cited by 77 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Such anomalies reflect the specific chemistry (Al-, P-, F-and Li-rich, Ca-poor) of the metasedimentary rock sources of granitic magmas (Roda-Robles et al, 2018). The Li-and P-rich geochemical signature exhibited by the Argemela granite is a reflection of such specific crustal sources.…”

Section: Discussion and Implications For Explorationmentioning

confidence: 94%

The H/F ratio as an indicator of contrasted wolframite deposition mechanisms

Michaud

Pichavant

2019

Ore Geology Reviews

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Understanding wolframite deposition mechanisms is a key to develop reliable exploration guides for W. In quartz veins from the Variscan belt of Europe and elsewhere, wolframites have a wide range of compositions, from hübnerite-(MnWO 4 ) to ferberite-rich (FeWO 4 ). Deposition style, source of Mn and Fe, distance from the heat/fluid source and temperature have been proposed to govern the wolframite H/F (hübnerite/ferberite ratio) defined as 100 at. Mn / (Fe + Mn). The Argemela mineralized district, located near the world-class Panasqueira W mine in Portugal, exposes a quartz-wolframite vein system in close spatial and genetic association with a rare-metal granite.Wolframite is absent as a magmatic phase, but W-rich whole-rock chemical data suggest that the granite magma is the source of W. Wolframite occurs as large homogeneous hübnerites (H/F = 64-75%) coexisting with montebrasite, K-feldspar and cassiterite in the latest generation of intragranitic veins corresponding to magmatic fluids exsolved from the granite. Locally, early hübnerites evolve to late more Fe-rich compositions (H/F = 45-55%). In a country rock vein, an early generation of Fe-rich hübnerites (H/F = 50-63%) is followed by late ferberites (H/F = 6-23%). Most Argemela wolframites have H/F ratios lower than at Panasqueira and other Variscan quartz-vein deposits which dominantly host ferberites. In greisens or pegmatitic veins, wolframites generally have intermediate H/F ratios. In those deposits, fluid-rock interactions, either involving country rocks (quartz-veins) or granite (greisens) control W deposition. In contrast, at Argemela, wolframite from intragranitic veins was deposited from a magmatic fluid. Differentiation of highly evolved peraluminous crustal magmas led to high Mn/Fe in the fluid which promoted the deposition of hübnerite. Therefore, the H/F ratio can be used to distinguish between contrasted deposition environments in perigranitic W ore-forming systems. Hübnerite is a simple mineralogical indicator for a strong magmatic control on W deposition.

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Section: Discussion and Implications For Explorationmentioning

confidence: 94%

The H/F ratio as an indicator of contrasted wolframite deposition mechanisms

Michaud

Pichavant

2019

Ore Geology Reviews

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“…Many ore deposits are genetically related to granitic massifs in this geologic domain, particularly in the western part, including pegmatites, aplites, stockworks and quartz-and greisen-type veins. Although most of the pegmatites exhibit a poor degree of evolution, Li is commonly enriched in some fractionated pegmatitic bodies (usually aplite-pegmatites) and in some quartz-rich veins 11,12 . According to field relationships and geochemical affinities, the S1 and S2 granitic series-interpreted as deriving mainly from the partial melting of highly peraluminous, Ca-poor and P-rich Neoproterozoic metasediments during the Variscan orogeny-are related to Li mineralisation in the CIZ 12 .…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spodumene, lepidolite, petalite, eucryptite and amblygonite-montebrasite are the most common Li-bearing minerals found in economic deposits of this type, with spodumene being the most important. Lithium-enriched rocks are common in the Central Iberian Zone (CIZ), mainly in aplite-pegmatite bodies grouped in pegmatite fields, which are usually spatially related to larger granite intrusions 11,12 . Less commonly, Li occurs in concentrated forms in quartz-rich and greisen-type veins that constitute stockworks at the top of more or less fractionated leucogranitic cupolas.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The metasomatic enrichment of Li in psammopelitic units at San José-Valdeflórez, Central Iberian Zone, Spain: a new type of lithium deposit

Pesquera

Roda-Robles

Crespo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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A new type of Li mineralisation in hard rock has been found to occur in the Valdeflórez area (Cáceres, Spain), where there is 111.3 Mt of resources and a mean value of 0.61 wt% of Li 2 O. Lithium is mainly held by very fine-grained micas, important constituents of Ordovician psammopelitic rocks belonging to the Palaeozoic metasedimentary sequence of the Cáceres syncline. The mineralised zone has an elliptical surface shape with a dimension of ~ 700 × 500 m. Lithium-bearing rocks show a characteristic layered appearance, in which light grey quartz-micaceous laminae < 1 mm to some centimetres in thickness, with a variable ratio of quartz to mica, alternate with fine to very fine-grained, dark grey to black tourmalinite laminae parallel to the regional foliation. Subvertical quartz + (montebrasite)-veins that cut the regional foliation at an extremely high angle are also common in this area. Mineralisation and the associated veins are likely to be linked to the intrusion of the nearby Cabeza de Araya pluton. The infiltration of granite-derived Li-, F-, Band P-rich aqueous fluids into the host rocks through fractures related to shearing processes is considered to be the cause of the formation of Li-rich micas and intense tourmalinisation at the expense of pre-existing phyllosilicates. Discovered in 1817 by the Swedish chemist Arfwedson in petalite, lithium is an important rare element; it is known as the energy metal and is promoted worldwide. The demand for lithium has increased in recent decades because of its application as a raw material for ceramic and glass, as rechargeable batteries of electric vehicles, mobile phones, laptops and digital cameras and for light aircrafts, high-speed trains alloys and nuclear fusion fuel. Lithium is also used in some nonrechargeable batteries for heart pacemakers, for treating some mental illnesses and for toys and clocks 1. Lithium concentrations in the Earth's upper crust is 24 ppm 2. In igneous rocks, the abundance is typically 28-30 ppm, but in sedimentary rocks, it can be as high as 53-60 ppm 3,4. Mines and salt lakes generally are believed to contain a total of 14 × 10 6 tonnes of Li. The Li concentration in seawater is quite low (0.1-0.20 ppm), but the total amount of Li is estimated to be ≈ 230 × 10 9 tons 5. This becomes an attractive source for this element, leading to an increasing investigation into the separation and recovery of Li from seawater 5-8. However, the low concentration of lithium in seawater requires the processing of large volumes of water to extract even small quantities of the metal. In addition, seawater contains a variety of dissolved minerals, many of which are present in much greater quantities than lithium. As a result, it is exceedingly difficult or nearly impossible for traditional separation technologies, such as membrane filtration, ion exchange and reverse osmosis, to extract lithium from seawater without excessive energy consumption or the fouling of filtration media and/or chemical regenerants. Lithium is sourced mainly through salt lake b...

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“…In geological terms, the Sierra Bermeja Pluton is located in the southern Iberian Massif (Figure 2) that is at the innermost part of the Variscan Foldbelt characterised by large granitic batholiths (e.g. Bea, Montero, & Zinger, 2003;Castro et al, 2002;Corretgé, Ugidos, & Martínez, 1977;Roda-Robles et al, 2018;Villaseca, Barbero, & Rogers, 1998;Villaseca & Herreros, 2000). Among these batholiths, stand out the cordierite-bearing monzogranites of the so-called 'Serie Mixta' (mixed series), whose origin sits between hybrid (crustal + mantle) and exclusively crustal (e.g.…”

Section: Geographical and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The composite Sierra Bermeja Pluton (southern Iberian Massif): science, heritage and geoconservation

et al. 2018

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The Sierra Bermeja Pluton (∼60 km 2 surface area) exemplifies a type of controversial granites of the Iberian Massif (European Variscan Belt), the cordierite-bearing 'Serie Mixta' (mixed series) monzogranites. The pluton is included almost completely in the Cornalvo Natural Park (Badajoz, Spain), a relevant target area in Roman times. The geological mapping summarised in the presented map at 1:10,000 scale has revealed a complex intrusive assemblage. Three main cordierite-bearing monzogranite types that show local varieties constitute most of the massif. Monzogranite intrusions are younger towards the centre of the pluton and gave rise to outstanding mappable mingling/mixing zones in some areas. A NE-SW trending reduced dyke complex composed by vaugnerite series rocks, lamprophyres, aplites and quartz dykes, completes the lithological assemblage of the pluton. An inventory of Geologic Points of Interest to promote the geological knowledge of this remarkable protected area and its geoconservation is also presented.

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Petrogenetic relationships between Variscan granitoids and Li-(F-P)-rich aplite-pegmatites in the Central Iberian Zone: Geological and geochemical constraints and implications for other regions from the European Variscides

Cited by 77 publications

References 121 publications

The H/F ratio as an indicator of contrasted wolframite deposition mechanisms

The H/F ratio as an indicator of contrasted wolframite deposition mechanisms

The metasomatic enrichment of Li in psammopelitic units at San José-Valdeflórez, Central Iberian Zone, Spain: a new type of lithium deposit

The composite Sierra Bermeja Pluton (southern Iberian Massif): science, heritage and geoconservation

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