Petrography and Geochemistry of Rocks of Northern Part of Wonaka Schist Belt, Northwestern Nigeria

Abstract

Systematic mapping and sampling of rocks of northern part of Wonaka schist belt on a scale of 1:50,000 shows that the belt is composed of gneiss, granite gneiss, muscovite-biotite schist, banded iron formation, amphibolite, granite, granodiorite and diorite as major rock types, other rocks are aplite, and pegmatite. Petrographic and geochemical data shows that the there are two types of gneisses in the area: the orthogneiss and the paragneiss. Plots of TiO2 vs SiO2 shows that the granite gneiss is paragneiss while the gneiss is an orthogneiss. The granites and the granodiorite are I-Type and the amphibolite is volcaniclastic. The banded iron formation (BIF) is shown to be hematite facies type from a plot of MnO vs FeO(T). It can therefore be said that the orthogneiss represents the original basement rock possibly dating back to the early phase of the Eburnean orogeny. At later stages of the Eburnean, sedimentary deposition and subsequent metamorphism of the sediments might have led to the formation of the paragneiss and the metasediments with the associated BIF as indicated by the REE distribution pattern. The NNE-SSW and the N-S structural trends on the rocks might have been developed by the over printing effects of the Pan-African orogeny

Geology of the Structurally Controlled Quartz Vein Gold Mineralization in the Dikko Area, Part of Zungeru—Minna—Birnin Gwari Schist Belt, NW Nigeria

“…Gold mineralization in the study area occurs in a variety of quartz veins and is generally related to the supracrustal schist belts (Figure 1). Some authors, e.g., (Amuda et al, 2013, Usman & Ibrahim, 2017 also worked on such gold minera-Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection lization that is restricted to quartz veins. Several locations of gold mineralization were detected in and around the Dikko area (Figure 2).…”

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of the Banded and Granitic Gneisses in Parts of Kushaka Schist Belt, Northwestern Nigeria

“…The earlier studies on the gneisses of the migmatite-gneiss-quartzite complex are largely in the southwestern basement of Nigeria (Okonkwo and Ganev, 2012;Elueze et al, 2004;Oyinloye, 1998;2002;2004;2011 andOlarewaju, 1988;Akinola, 2016;Adegbuyi et al, 2017;Ademola and Amos, 2018); with only a few in the northwest (Kröner et al, 2001;Elatikpo et al, 2013;Usman and Ibrahim, 2017). In this work, petrography, major and trace elements data on fifteen relatively unknown banded and granitic gneiss plutons have been used to address the knowledge gaps in the area of provenance, petrogenetic evolution and tectonic setting, and hope it will assist in understanding the evolution of this major rock unit of the Nigeria Basement Complex.…”

Sources of some heavy minerals and their association with gold-bearing stream sediments in the Gagare Drainage Basin, Wonaka Schist belt northwestern Nigeria

“…Gold (Au) occurrence in Nigeria is predominantly associated with supracrustal (schist) belts in the western half of the country (Garba, 2003; predominantly associated with supracrustal (schist) belts in the (Garba, 2003; ome of the most significant deposits found in the Maru, Anka, Tsohon Birnin Gwari, Kwaga, Malele, Gurmana-, Mahuta, Bin Yauri, Egbe-Dogondaji and Shaki areas (Ramadan and Abdel Fattah, 2010;2014a & b), with a few occurrences outside these areas (Garba, 2003;Usman, Approximately 90% of Nigeria's total gold ction has been from alluvial deposits derived from primary gold mineralization in the Primary gold mineralization has been documented in several schist belts in northwestern Nigeria (Elueze, 2002), with primary gold deposits reported in the Maru, Anka and Kushaka Schist belts, but the proximal Wonaka and Malumfashi belts were not reported (Woakes and Bafor 1984). However, the Wonaka schist belt is fast gaining importance among the sch northwestern Nigeria due to reported of gold placer deposits (e.g.…”