Petrography of the lavas of the 1959-60 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Richter, D.H.; Murata, K. J.

doi:10.3133/pp537d

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…:the two minerals in individual lava samples. Petrographic determinations of the ratio in several samples are given by Richter and Murata ( 1966), and ratios close to 20 : 3 are reported for the most picritic samples.…”

Section: Explanation For Figurementioning

confidence: 92%

“…The temperature of the lavas ranged from 1060° to 1190°0 (Ault and others, 1961), and, as discussed in the chapter on petrography (Richter and Murata, 1966), varied directly with the concentration of olivine.…”

Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The order in which the several minerals separate from the primitive Kilauea magma has been established both through petrographic studies of 1959-60 lavas of known eruption temperatures (Richter and Murata, 1966) and by laboratory quenching experiments on samples of two other Kilauea lavas (Yoder andTilley, 1957, 1962). The order of the first appearance of the minerals in the cooling primitive melt is as follows: chromian spinel (minor amount typically embedded in olivine), olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and hypersthene (minor) .…”

Section: The 1960 Flank Lavasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three of the variation trends among the flank lavas The phenocrystic minerals present in flank lavas have been identified microscopically (Richter and Murata, 1966}, and sufficient data on their chemical composition have been obtained to justify a quantitative treatment o:f the straight-line trends among the flank lavas. The general procedure has been to start with a lava or a glass that marks one end of a given trend line and calculate the composition of the lava or glass at the other end by adding or subtracting appropriate amounts of the several phenocrystic minerals.…”

Section: -------1---------------------mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optical determination (Richter and Murata, 1966) Muir and Tilley (1957), so the composition of the Uwekahuna clinopyroxene, V, as given in table 7, coL 1, is used in the calculations. ---------- -----------------TotaL ... 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 has been constructed from the available data on minor elements in other Kilauea olivines and from the theoretical formula and is listed in column 3.…”

Section: Explanation For Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemistry of the lavas of the 1959-60 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Murata¹,

Richter²

1966

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Section: Explanation For Figurementioning

confidence: 92%

Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The 1960 Flank Lavasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -------1---------------------mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Explanation For Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemistry of the lavas of the 1959-60 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Murata¹,

Richter²

1966

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Evidence for Large Compositional Ranges in Coeval Melts Erupted from Kīlauea's Summit Reservoir

et al. 2015

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Petrologic observations on Kīlauea's lavas include abundant microprobe analyses of glasses, which show the range of melts available in Kīlauea's summit reservoir over time. During the past two centuries, compo sitions of melts erupted within the caldera have been limited to MgO = 6.3-7.5 wt%. Extracaldera lavas of the 1959, 1971, and 1974 eruptions contain melts with up to 10.2, 8.9, and 9.2 wt% MgO, respectively, and the 1924 tephra contains juvenile Pele's tears with up to 9.1 wt% MgO. Melt compositions from explosive deposits at Kīlauea, including the Keanakāko'i (A.D. 1500-1800), Kulanaokuaiki (A.D. 400-1000), and Pāhala (10-25 ka) tephra units, show large ranges of MgO contents. The range of melt MgO is 6.5-11.0 wt% for the Keanakāko'i; the Kulanaokuaiki extends to 12.5% MgO and the Pāhala Ash includes rare shards with 13-14.5% MgO. The frequency distributions for MgO in the Keanakāko'i and Kulanaokuaiki glasses are bimodal, suggesting preferential magma storage at two different depths. Kīlauea's summit reservoir contains melts ranging from 6.5 to at least 11.0 wt% MgO, and such melts were available for sampling near instantaneously and repeatedly over centuries. More magnesian melts are inferred to have risen directly from greater depth.

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