Petromyzontidae‐Biomimetic Multimodal Microneedles‐Integrated Bioelectronic Catheters for Theranostic Endoscopic Surgery

Abstract

Current catheter devices in minimally invasive surgery still possess limited functional options, lacking multimodal integration of both sensing and therapy. Catheter devices usually operate outside the tissue, incapable to detect intra‐tissue biochemical information for accurate localization and assessment of lesions during surgery. Inspired by the feature and functions of Petromyzontidae, here a multimodal core‐shell microneedles‐integrated bioelectronic catheter (MNIBC) for tissue‐penetrating theranostics in endoscopic surgery is developed. The microneedle (MN) device possesses individually addressable functionality at single‐MN tip resolution, enabling multiplex functions (a total of 11 functions distributed in three types of catheters) including biochemical sensing, myoelectric modulation, electroporation, and drug delivery in a submucosal environment. The MNIBC is prepared through hybrid fabrication and dimensionality reduction strategies, where the MN electrodes are functionalized with an MXene‐carbon nanotube (MXene‐CNT)‐based electron mediator, addressing the challenge of reduced electrode sensitivity on ultra‐small MN tip. The functionalities of MNIBC are demonstrated both ex vivo and in vivo on anesthetized rabbits via laparoscopy, simulated cystoscopy, and laparotomy. The MNIBC can effectively detect intra‐tissue biochemical signals in the bladder, and offers localized electroporation and intra‐tissue drug delivery for precise treatments of lesions. The versatile features of the MNIBC present a highly advanced platform for precise surgeries.

Advances in Multifunctional Electronic Catheters for Precise and Intelligent Diagnosis and Therapy in Minimally Invasive Surgery

“…Based on the above technical challenges, Huang et al developed a multifunctional electronic catheter instrument based on microneedle arrays. 124 It is compatible with endoscopy, cystoscopy, and other surgical scenarios (Figure 8). First, this work explored the multifunctional modification of microneedle electrodes, which can minimally penetrate tissue mucosa.…”

Functionalized Microwires‐Based Bundle Electrodes for Detection of Multiplexed Metabolites in Interstitial Space

“…In our previous work, CNT–MXene material was verified as an electron mediator material to improve the sensing sensitivity of the sensor. [ 27 ] Therefore, we coated CNT–MXene material on the Au NC electrode to form Au NC/CNT–MXene electrode (Figure 2a(3)). Acting as an electron mediator, the porous CNT–MXene structure might enhance enzyme‐based sensor sensitivity (Figure S2, Supporting Information).…”

A Review of Recent Advancements in Sensor‐Integrated Medical Tools

“…Microneedles attached to the catheter tip were proposed to penetrate tissue, detect diagnostic analytes, and perform therapy inside the tissue. [ 138 ] The microneedles at the catheter tip had a core–shell structure with a micro‐machined shell as a protective layer. The gold core was functionalized for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes to detect metabolites (e.g., glucose, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and uric acid) and ions (e.g., Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , and pH), which can be important parameters for the diagnosis of bladder disease.…”