Petrophysical characteristics of holocene beachrock

Guo, Baiying; Friedman, Gerald M.

doi:10.1007/bf03174850

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Examples havebeencitedbySugden (1962), DeGroot(1969), Shinn (1969), Taylor and Illing (1969), Evamy (1973), Lareau and Purser (1973), Khalaf (1988) and Guo and Friedman (1990). Recently, beachrocks occurrence was reported on Kuwait by El-Sayed (1996) and on the UAB by Kendall et al (1994) andWhittleet al (1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Tidal flat rocks and sediments along the eastern coast of the United Arab Emirates

El-Sayed

1999

Carbonates Evaporites

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The geomorphologic and petrographiccharacteristicsof the calcareoushard rocks in the intertidal and supratidal zones of the eastern coast of the United Arab Emirates,where it faces the Gulf of Oman, were investigated. The tidal zone can be broadly classifiedinto two major physiographicprovinces. A northernprovince that hasa rather steep profile and a tidal flat that is very narrow and is characterized by lithoclastsof gravelly sand sediments. It is formed of beachrocks, well-developedcoastal terraces and cliffs and is bounded landward by mountainscomposed mainly of peridotite and gabbros. The southem provincetidal flat is much wider thanthe north province with a shallow, tide dominated and sheltered coast where sandy bioclasts accumulate. The mountains surroundingsuch areas are located severalkilometers from the coast and are largely formed by gabbros.Beachrocks are developed as discontinuous beds in narrow belts of pavement, limited essentially to the intertidal zone and with a surface, which is generallysloping seaward. These rocks are partly covered by beach sand, skeletal debris, algae and other rock fragmentsencrusted by living organisms. They rest on dense to friable loose beach sand mainly composed of biogenic fragments strongly bonded by carbonate cements. Tidal terraces are almost flat benches that vary in their geomorphologic pattern and three well-developed terraces are recognized. Based on the composition of framework grains, beachrocks can be grouped into two types: lithic and bioclastic. The lithoclasts are mainly composed of peridotite, gabbros, pyroxenes, calcareous rock fragments and washed sediments derived from wadi-fill and dust storms. The bioclastic sediments are chiefly fragmentsof corals,foraminifera,pelecypods,gastropods,crabs, echnoidsand algae. The beachrockcement is mainly formed by aragonite, micrite and coarsely crystalline calcite with a subordinate amount of dolomite. Precipitation of aragonite appears to be mainly controlled by the micrite substrate and at least three successive stages of cement fill are observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Many of studies of beachrocks have reported on the mechanisms of beach cementation and their petrophysical characteristics, including thoseof Ginsburg (1953), Friedman (1964), Gavish and Friedman (1969), Taylor and llling (1969), and Guo and Friedman (1990). This paper Carbonates and Evaporites, v. 14,no.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tidal flat rocks and sediments along the eastern coast of the United Arab Emirates

El-Sayed

1999

Carbonates Evaporites

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“…Of these parameters, porosity, recovery efficiency, median throat size, normalized throat size, and the forms of capillary pressure curves are regarded as the most significant (Wardlaw, 1976;Wardlaw and Mckellar, 1981;Jennings, 1987;Amthor et al, 1988;Kopaska-Merkel and Amthor, 1988;Wardlaw et al, 1988;Ghosh and Friedman, 1989;Kopaska-Merkel and Friedman, 1989;Friedman et al, 1990;Guo and Friedman, 1990). B Porosity The porosity of modern reef rock ranges from less than 1% to almost 50% (Table 2).…”

Section: Petrophysics Of Modern Reef Rockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrophysical analysis of modern reef rocks

Liang

Friedman

1992

Carbonates Evaporites

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On the basis of original fabric, modem reef rock can be divided into two kinds: I. skeletal framework reef rock, and 2. particle reef rock. The factors that control the pore-system characteristics and their changes are different in the two kinds. In the skeletal framework reef rock the pore system and its development are mainly controlled by (I) the original skeletal pores, and if, with what, and how these pores are filled; and (2) the nature of cementation. In contrast, the pore system and development of the particle reef rock depends strongly upon the type of particles, form of support, and cementation.Skeletal framework reef rock may be classified into five petrophysical facies (or petrofacies), as follows: A) original coral-skeletal-framework reef rock; B) coral-skeletal-framework reef rock; C) partially recrystallized coral-skeletal framework reef rock; D) cemented skeletal-framework reef rock; and E) cemented skeletal-framework reef rock. Particle reef rocks may be of one of three petrophysical types. These are F) matrix-supported and tightly cemented particle reef rock; G) particle-matrix-supported particle reef rock; and H) particle-supported particle reef rock. The most porous reef rocks are assigned to categories A, Band C (mean porosity values as follows: A = 34.6%, B = 32.3%, C = 43.8%). The least porous reef rock is type F (mean = 5.46%). Types E and H reef rock have the highest recovery efficiency values (the mean for group E = 40.70%, for group H = 29.09%).For skeletal framework reef rock, an inverse correlation between recovery efficiency (RE) and porosity obtains, whereas particle reef rock exhibits a weak positive relationship. INTRODUCTIONReef rock is one of the most prolific kinds of reservoir carbonates in the world. The pore systems of reservoir rocks are key factors in evaluating and exploring for hydrocarbon reservoirs. These pore systems are closely related to the original texture and history of diagenesis, and especially to changes of mineral composition during diagenesis. This study focuses on the relationship existing in reef rocks between pore system characteristics, and original fabrics and diagenetic histories. Recent studies of the petrophysical properties and pore systems of various kinds of carbonate rocks did not include modem reef rocks. An understanding ofthe relationship between pore system and lithofacies and how diagenesis affectspore systems in reef rocks will provide important information on migration and entrapment ofhydrocarbons in reefrock that has not been deeply buried.

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“…The modern version of milk alkali syndrome affects a different patient population and has a different etiologic basis than was characterized in the original descriptions of the syndrome (4) in contact with carbon dioxide (5) . These other uses include oil refining, making synthetic rubber, and explosives (5) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Alkali Syndrome:an Occupational Disorder for Consideration

Sayed

Rashed

et al. 2008

Egypt. J. Occup. Med.

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Background: The milk alkali syndrome has always been suspected when patients present with hypercalcemia, renal impairment and metabolic alkalosis. Nowadays, the occupational exposure to carbonate salts at the workplace is considered an environmental problem that seems to increase the possibility of the appearance of more cases of the syndrome. Objective: investigating the effects of exposure to lime stone dust among working population in the petrochemical industry and determining the importance of interpreting the unexplained abnormal kidney functions in the diagnosis of chronic form of milk alkali syndrome. Methods: Detailed assessment questionnaire and thorough clinical examination were used to study the health condition of 24 workers exposed to sodium and calcium carbonate during the processing of limestone and of 21 matched non-exposed workers. The cardiovascular changes were further evaluated using the electrocardiogram. The blood gases as well as sodium, potassium and chloride were estimated by the automated analyzer. Laboratory tests investigated the serum levels of ionized calcium and phosphorus calorimetrically and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH) 2-D) 63 Gaballah I.F., et al., 64 by chromatography. As for the intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathormone hormone related peptides (PTH-rP) in serum, estimation was carried out using the two-site immunoassay technique. Results: Urinary frequency was detected among exposed workers as sign of isotonic polyuria caused by increased stimulation of calcium-sensitive receptors in the collecting tubules. Elevation of ionized calcium levels (mean values 8.32 ± 0.72 mg/ dl) among exposed workers resulted in lowered glomerular filtration rate as evidenced by azotemia. A positive linear association was detected between urea and the ionized levels of calcium. At the renal tubules, hypercalcemia induced bicarbonate absorption that led to metabolic alkalosis as evidenced by elevation in blood pH (7.46 ± 0.03) and bicarbonate equivalent above 28 mEq/L, and by the positive correlation of calcium and PTH with blood gas parameters. The resulting decreased kidney activity appeared to be a major factor in derangement of the vitamin D metabolism and lowering of phosphorus levels. Deficiency of vitamin D stimulated the release of parathyroid hormone highly significantly to maintain calcium level via decreasing urinary excretion and increasing renal calcium re-absorption. PTH and calcium, which were positively associated together highly significantly, both showed negative correlations with the 1,25-(OH) 2-D level. The PTH-rP was significantly low among exposed workers excluding the possibility of any active role in the development of hypercalcemia. Age and smoking were not considered confounding factors in the study compared to the exposure duration which was significantly playing a positive role in the development of alkalemia and hypercalcemia. Conclusion: The obtained data suggested the presence of a relationship between the exposure to limestone and renal affection. ...

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Petrophysical characteristics of holocene beachrock

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Tidal flat rocks and sediments along the eastern coast of the United Arab Emirates

Tidal flat rocks and sediments along the eastern coast of the United Arab Emirates

Petrophysical analysis of modern reef rocks

Milk Alkali Syndrome:an Occupational Disorder for Consideration

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