Peyote and mescaline exposures: a 12-year review of a statewide poison center database

Carstairs, Shaun D.; Cantrell, F. Lee

doi:10.3109/15563650903586745

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…being the most frequently involved. Typical patients were adolescents and young adults, with a clear male predominance, which is in accordance with previous studies on common drugs of abuse (Carstairs and Cantrell, 2010). Social and cultural factors, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Acute plant poisoning: Analysis of clinical features and circumstances of exposure

Fuchs¹,

Rauber-Lüthy²,

Kupferschmidt³

et al. 2011

Clinical Toxicology

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INTRODUCTION: Human contact with potentially toxic plants, which may occur through abuse or by accident or attempted suicide, is frequent and sometimes results in clinically significant toxicity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to identify which plants may lead to severe poisoning, and to define the clinical relevance of plant toxicity for humans in Switzerland. METHODS: We analyzed 42,193 cases of human plant exposure and 255 acute moderate, severe, and lethal poisonings, which were reported to the Swiss Toxicological Information Centre between January 1995 and December 2009. RE-SULTS: Plant contact was rarely responsible for serious poisonings. Lethal intoxications were extremely rare and were caused by plants with cardiotoxic (Taxus baccata) or mitosis-inhibiting (Colchicum autumnale) properties. CONCLUSIONS: Most often, plant contact was accidental and patients remained asymptomatic or developed mild symptoms, which fully resolved within a short time. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 properties. Most often, plant contact was accidental and patients remained asymptomatic or developed mild symptoms, which fully resolved within a short time.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Acute plant poisoning: Analysis of clinical features and circumstances of exposure

Fuchs¹,

Rauber-Lüthy²,

Kupferschmidt³

et al. 2011

Clinical Toxicology

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“…Exposure to serotonergic drugs may be the trigger for such flashbacks in some patients. 48 Mushroom intoxication recreationally involves those that contain psilocybin and are consumed often in dried form; headache often accompanies intoxication with these so-called "magic mushrooms." 47 Other important drugs of abuse with properties similar to LSD include mescaline, which is found in the peyote cactus in the southwestern United States.…”

Section: Hallucinogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic Complications of Recreational Drugs

Josephson¹

2014

Aminoff's Neurology and General Medicine

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“…La mayoría de los casos necesitaron atención hospitalaria, por efectos moderados (alucinaciones, taquicardia, agitación y midriasis), sin que ningún caso se presentasen situaciones de riesgo vital. No se observaron vómitos, efecto frecuente entre los consumidores, junto con midriasis, salivación, náuseas, cefaleas, temblores y debilidad 37 . Anecdóti-camente se recoge en la literatura un caso de botulismo, tras la ingestión de peyote almacenado de forma inadecuada 38 .…”

Section: Peyoteunclassified

Drogas emergentes (III): plantas y hongos alucinógenos

Burillo-Putzé

Briz

Díaz

et al. 2013

Anales Sis San Navarra

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resUMenSe ha observado un aumento del consumo de sustancias vegetales con efecto alucinógeno, algunas de ellas asociadas a ceremonias religiosas ancestrales, siendo muchas de estas sustancias legales o con una regulación parcial.Salvia divinorum es un potente agonista de los receptores kappa, con propiedades disociativas y alucinógenas, de inicio rápido y corta duración. El Kratom (Mytragyna speciosa), posee como alcaloide principal la mitraginina, con efectos estimulantes a dosis bajas (efecto coca-like), y efectos sedativos (efecto opioide-like) a dosis altas. Se han detectado varias muertes asociadas a su consumo. El consumo de hongos alucinógenos aparece de forma cíclica, aunque se ha incrementado su oferta on-line. Se consumen buscando sus efectos alucinógenos sobre todo los pertenecientes a la familia de los psilocybes, los cuales contienen triptaminas con efecto alucinógeno, similar al LSD. El peyote (Lophophora williamsii), cactus rico en mescalina (trimetoxifeniletilamina), produce alucinaciones de los cinco sentidos, y forma parte de la cultura religiosa de los indios norteamericanos.Las daturas, de gran ubicuidad, producen un cuadro anticolinérgico y efectos sobre el sistema nervioso central (delirios, alucinaciones, etc), por su alto contenido en atropina y escopolamina. Otras sustancia utilizadas por sus efectos alucinatorios incluyen la bebida conocida como ayahuasca, y semillas para preparación de infusiones como el Ololiuqui, la Gloria de la mañana (Ipomoea violacea), la Rosa de Hawai (Argyreia nervosa), la Ruda borde (Peganum harmala), y la Iboga (Tabernanthe iboga).Palabras clave. Smart-drugs. Plantas alucinógenas. Setas mágicas. Salvia divinorum. Kratom. Ayahuasca. ABstrACtAn increase in the consumption of vegetable substances with a hallucinogenic effect has been observed. Some of these substances are associated with ancestral religious ceremonies, while many of them are legal or are partially regulated.Salvia divinorum is a powerful kappa receptor agonist, with dissociative and hallucinogenic properties, which start quickly and have a short duration. Kratom (Mytragyna speciosa) has mitragynine as its principal alkaloid, with stimulating effects at low doses (coke-like effect), and sedative effects (opiate-like effect) at high doses. Several deaths from its consumption have been detected. The consumption of hallucinogenic mushrooms appears in cyclic form, although there has been increase in their online offer. They are consumed in search of their hallucinogenic effects, above all those belonging to the family of psilocybes, which contain tryptamines with a hallucinogenic effect similar to LSD. Peyote (Lophophora psilocybes), a cactus rich in mescaline (trimetoxifeniletilamina), produces hallucinations of the five senses, and forms part of the religious culture of the North American Indians.Daturas, which are ubiquitous, produce anticholinergic symptoms and effects on the central nervous system (delirium, hallucinations, etc.), due to their high atropine and scopolamine content. Other substanc...

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Peyote and mescaline exposures: a 12-year review of a statewide poison center database

Abstract: Although uncommonly encountered, use of peyote and mescaline was associated with clinically significant effects requiring treatment in a substantial number of patients. Clinical effects were usually mild or moderate, and life-threatening toxicity was not reported in this case series.

Cited by 42 publications

References 5 publications

Acute plant poisoning: Analysis of clinical features and circumstances of exposure

Acute plant poisoning: Analysis of clinical features and circumstances of exposure

Neurologic Complications of Recreational Drugs

Drogas emergentes (III): plantas y hongos alucinógenos

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