PFARS: Enhancing throughput and lifetime of heterogeneous WSNs through power‐aware fusion, aggregation, and routing scheme

Abstract

Summary Heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of resource‐starving nodes that face a challenging task of handling various issues such as data redundancy, data fusion, congestion control, and energy efficiency. In these networks, data fusion algorithms process the raw data generated by a sensor node in an energy‐efficient manner to reduce redundancy, improve accuracy, and enhance the network lifetime. In literature, these issues are addressed individually, and most of the proposed solutions are either application‐specific or too complex that make their implementation unrealistic, specifically, in a resource‐constrained environment. In this paper, we propose a novel node‐level data fusion algorithm for heterogeneous WSNs to detect noisy data and replace them with highly refined data. To minimize the amount of transmitted data, a hybrid data aggregation algorithm is proposed that performs in‐network processing while preserving the reliability of gathered data. This combination of data fusion and data aggregation algorithms effectively handle the aforementioned issues by ensuring an efficient utilization of the available resources. Apart from fusion and aggregation, a biased traffic distribution algorithm is introduced that considerably increases the overall lifetime of heterogeneous WSNs. The proposed algorithm performs the tedious task of traffic distribution according to the network's statistics, ie, the residual energy of neighboring nodes and their importance from a network's connectivity perspective. All our proposed algorithms were tested on a real‐time dataset obtained through our deployed heterogeneous WSN in an orange orchard and also on publicly available benchmark datasets. Experimental results verify that our proposed algorithms outperform the existing approaches in terms of various performance metrics such as throughput, lifetime, data accuracy, computational time, and delay.

An Efficient Smart Weighted and Neighborhood-enabled Load Balancing Scheme for Constraint Oriented Networks

“…In this manner, we used both optimal-path identification scheme and gradient enabled scheme in the directed diffusion method, where server module or base station Sj chooses the optimal operational path; in this case, it will impose on the ordinary or member nodes Ci to utilize this path as a continuous communication link between sensor nodes. This path is used by various devices interested in transmission of data until one or more of these devices consume their on-board power completely or becomes not operational due to other reasons [13], [14]. Generally, this scheme relies on a single communication path, consequently, the lifetime of both WSNs and ordinary devices C i is very short, that is similar to the shortest path-enabled scheme where packets are forward on this path as long as all nodes reside on it are operational.…”