PFASs in the Nordic environment

Kärrman, Anna; Wang, Thanh; Kallenborn, Roland; Langseter, Anne Marie; Ræder, Erik Magnus; Lyche, Jan Ludvig; Yeung, Leo W. Y.; Chen, Fangfang; Eriksson, Ulrika; Aro, Rudolf; Fredriksson, Felicia

doi:10.6027/tn2019-515

Cited by 19 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“… 36 In a Nordic screening study, PFPrA could be detected in two locations at similar concentrations. 37 However, PFPrA could not be detected in Lake Vättern (<0.2 ng/L) in surface water from 2017, suggesting a buildup in concentration due to the annual input from atmospheric sources. To our knowledge, there are no previous studies reporting concentrations of TFMS in surface water in lakes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mass Balance of Perfluoroalkyl Acids, Including Trifluoroacetic Acid, in a Freshwater Lake

Björnsdotter

Yeung

Kärrman

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are highly persistent chemicals that are ubiquitously found in the environment. The atmospheric degradation of precursor compounds has been identified as a source of PFAAs and might be an important pathway for contamination. Lake Vättern is one of Sweden’s largest lakes and is an important source for drinking water. In addition to contamination via atmospheric deposition, the lake is subject to several potential contamination sources via surface water inflow. The relevance of different sources is not well understood. A mass balance of selected PFAAs was assembled based on measured concentrations in atmospheric deposition, surface water from streams that constitute the main inflow and outflow, and surface water in the lake. The largest input was seen for trifluoroacetic acid (150 kg/year), perfluoropropanoic acid (1.6 kg/year), perfluorobutanoic acid (4.0 kg/year), and perfluoro-octanoic acid (1.5 kg/year). Both atmospheric deposition and surface water inflow was found to be important input pathways. There was a positive correlation between the input of most perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids via atmospheric deposition and global radiation and between the input via surface water inflow and catchment area. These findings highlight the importance of atmospheric oxidation of volatile precursor compounds for contamination in surface waters.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mass Balance of Perfluoroalkyl Acids, Including Trifluoroacetic Acid, in a Freshwater Lake

Björnsdotter

Yeung

Kärrman

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry; LC-MS/MS) and then converted to fluorine-equivalent concentrations. EOF mass balance studies have been carried out on a wide range of matrices, including water, 5,6 sediment, 7 sludge, 8 biological samples, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and consumer products, [16][17][18] all of which report a large proportion of samples containing unidentified EOF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can determination of extractable organofluorine (EOF) be standardized? First interlaboratory comparisons of EOF and fluorine mass balance in sludge and water matrices

Kärrman

Yeung

Spaan

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…PFASs lacking standards which contribute to the EOF. Another option is to extract the samples without using ISs, split the final extract and analyze this in both target and total fluorine analysis, adding IS to the fraction for targeted analysis only 45. Although this approach leads to inaccuracies in the targeted data (since these data would be uncorrected for procedural losses), an additional extraction for targeted analysis with ISs could be included, assuming sufficient sample…”

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confidence: 99%

Fluorine Mass Balance and Suspect Screening in Marine Mammals from the Northern Hemisphere

Spaan¹,

Noordenburg²,

Plassmann³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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There is increasing evidence that the ~20 routinely monitored per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) account for only a fraction of extractable organofluorine (EOF) occurring in the environment. To assess whether PFAS exposure is being underestimated in marine mammals from the Northern Hemisphere, we performed a fluorine mass balance on liver tissues from 11 different species using a combination of targeted PFAS analysis, EOF and total fluorine determination, and suspect screening. Samples were obtained from the east coast United States (US), west and east coast of Greenland, Iceland, and Sweden from 2000-2017. Of the 36 target PFASs, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) dominated in all but one Icelandic and three US samples, where the 7:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (7:3 FTCA) was prevalent. This is the first report of 7:3 FTCA in polar bears (~1000 ng/g, ww) and cetaceans (<6-190 ng/g, ww). In 18 out of 25 samples, EOF was not significantly greater than fluorine concentrations derived from sum target PFASs. For the remaining 7 samples (mostly from the US east coast), 30-75% of the EOF was unidentified. Suspect screening revealed an additional 33 PFASs (not included in the targeted analysis) bringing the total to 59 detected PFASs from 12 different classes. Overall, these results highlight the importance of a multi-platform approach for accurately characterizing PFAS exposure in marine mammals.

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PFASs in the Nordic environment

Cited by 19 publications

References 66 publications

Mass Balance of Perfluoroalkyl Acids, Including Trifluoroacetic Acid, in a Freshwater Lake

Mass Balance of Perfluoroalkyl Acids, Including Trifluoroacetic Acid, in a Freshwater Lake

Can determination of extractable organofluorine (EOF) be standardized? First interlaboratory comparisons of EOF and fluorine mass balance in sludge and water matrices

Fluorine Mass Balance and Suspect Screening in Marine Mammals from the Northern Hemisphere

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