pH-mediated regulation of pyruvate catabolism inLactobacillus plantarum chemostat cultures

McFall, Sally M.; Montville, Thomas J.

doi:10.1007/bf01569535

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…plantarum 8014 produces acetate in addition to lactate in aerobic and alkaline environments (11,16) as a result of changes in the corresponding catabolic enzyme activities (27)(28)(29). In this study, we observed that L. plantarum 8014 increased PMF and intracellular ATP immediately after the anaerobic chemostat was shifted to aerobic conditions ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…However, L. plantarum also forms small amounts of acetate, acetoin, diacetyl, and 2,3-butanedial under certain environmental conditions (6). In previous chemostat studies, we have found that L. plantarum 8014 catabolizes glucose to acetate at the expense of some lactate and acetoin in response to changes in environmental conditions such as acidity (11) and molecular oxygen supply (16), and we identified the enzyme activities responsible for these changes (27)(28)(29). The biomass of L. plantarum 8014 increases in aerobic cultures (16,28) even though it lacks a complete heme-linked electron transport system (9,20).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bioenergetic consequences of catabolic shifts by Lactobacillus plantarum in response to shifts in environmental oxygen and pH in chemostat cultures

1991

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Proton motive force (PMF), intracellular end product concentrations, and ATP levels were determined when a steady-state Lactobacillus plantarum 8014 anaerobic chemostat culture was shifted to an aerobic condition or was shifted from pH 5.5 to 7.5. The PMF and intracellular ATP levels increased immediately after the culture was shifted from anaerobic to aerobic conditions. The concentrations of intracellular lactate and acetate, which exported protons that contributed to the proton gradient, changed in the same fashion. The H+/lactate stoichiometry, n, varied from 0.8 to 1.2, and the H+/acetate n value changed from 0.8 to 1.6 at 2 h after the shift to aerobic conditions. The n value for acetate excretion remained elevated at aerobic steady state. When the anaerobic culture was shifted from pH 5.5 to 7.5, intracellular ATP increased 20% immediately even though the PMF decreased 50% as a result of the depletion of the transmembrane proton gradient. The H+/ lactate n value changed from 0.7 to 1.8, and n for H+/acetate increased from 0.9 to 1.9 at pH 7.5 steady state. In addition, the H+/acetate stoichiometry was always higher than the n value for H+/lactate; both were higher in alkaline than aerobic conditions, demonstrating that L. plantarum 8014 coexcreted more protons with end products to maintain intracellular pH homeostasis and generate proton gradients under aerobic and alkaline conditions. During the transient to pH 7.5, the n value for H+/acetate approached 3, which would spare one ATP.The circulation of ions across biological membranes, especially protons and sodium ions, is one of the fundamental processes in cellular energetics. Transport systems pump ions across membranes at the expense of some energy source, establishing an ion gradient whose electrochemical potential represents stored energy. Return of that ion across the membrane is mediated by a second transport system which links the downhill flux of the ion to the performance of some useful work (4).Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis (13,14) proposed that electron transport and phosphorylation are not chemically linked, but are coupled by a transmembrane current of protons or proton motive force (PMF). The electron transport chain is a metabolic pathway arranged within and across the membrane to translocate protons across it. Since the membrane has a low conductance for protons and ions, a gradient of pH (ApH) and of membrane potential (A/@) will develop across the membrane to form the total PMF (AP) as given by the equation erichia coli. In this energy-recycling model, metabolic end products and protons are coexcreted via specific symport proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane. As result of this proton translocation, a PMF is generated which can contribute to the overall production of metabolic energy (23,25). Using Lactococcus cremoris, a homofermentative lactateproducing organism, as a model system, they observed that proton excretion coupled to lactate export supplied a significant quantity of metabolic energy to cells (17,18,24,26). Lactobacillu...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioenergetic consequences of catabolic shifts by Lactobacillus plantarum in response to shifts in environmental oxygen and pH in chemostat cultures

1991

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“…Researches have reported that the formation of acetoin is accompanied by alkalinization of the medium. It counteracted the acidification of the environment (McFall and Montville 1989), and/or is involved in energy generation (Starrenburg and Hugenholtz 1991;Lolkema et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and identification of an acetoin high production bacterium that can reverse transform 2,3-butanediol to acetoin at the decline phase of fermentation

Zhang

Yang

Lin

et al. 2011

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone), a very popular food spice is now used in many industries (pharmaceuticals, chemicals, paint, etc.). In this study, an acetoin high producing strain, numbered as JNA-310, was newly isolated and identified as Bacillus subtilis which is safe on food industry, based on its physiological, biological tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. When glucose was used as carbon source in fermentation, the fermentation characterizations of this strain were analyzed, and a new phenomenon of reverse transforming 2,3-butanediol which was synthesized from glucose in the fermentation broth to acetoin was detected. Before 96 h, glucose which was mainly transformed to 2,3-butanediol and acetoin was totally consumed, and the yield of the two products were 41.7 and 21.0 g/l respectively. Acetoin was only a by product in the fermentation broth at prophase of fermentation. At the end of fermentation, the yield of acetoin was greatly improved and the yield of 2,3-butanediol was declined and the yield of them were about 42.2 and 15.8 g/ l, respectively. The results indicated that 2,3-butanediol was reversely transformed to acetoin.

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“…(1) lactate dehydrogenase: pyruvate + NADH -~ r,-lactate + NAD ( Fig. 1A) (2) pyruvate formate lyase: pyruvate --* acetyl-P + formate ( Shifts in product formation from lactose, glucose and pyruvate upon aeration, changing of the pH or cultivation under carbohydrate limitation are generally observed in different homofermentative lactic acid bacteria [50][51][52][53]. The complex mechanisms that are involved in regulation of pyruvate metabolism L. lactis will be discussed below.…”

Section: Pyrmate Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar product profiles were observed in lactic acid bacteria growing under lactose limitation in continuous cultures. Under these conditions internal FDP levels are low resulting in reduced activity of LDH [14,50,51]. D-Lactate dehydrogenase, which is present in most heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria including Leuconostoc spp.…”

Section: Lactate Dehydrogenase (Reaction 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrate metabolism in lactic acid bacteria

Hugenholtz¹

1993

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

347

170

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Citrate metabolism plays an important role in many food fermentations involving lactic acid bacteria. Since citrate is a highly oxidized substrate, no reducing equivalents are produced during its degradation, resulting in the formation of metabolic end products other than lactic acid. Some of these end products, such as diacetyl and acetaldehyde, have very distinct aroma properties and contribute significantly to the quality of the fermented foods. In this review the metabolic pathways involved in product formation from citrate are described, the bioenergetic consequences of this metabolism for the lactic acid bacteria are discussed and detailed information on some key enzymes in the citrate metabolism is presented. The combined knowledge is used for devising strategies to avoid, control or improve product formation from citrate.

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pH-mediated regulation of pyruvate catabolism inLactobacillus plantarum chemostat cultures

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Bioenergetic consequences of catabolic shifts by Lactobacillus plantarum in response to shifts in environmental oxygen and pH in chemostat cultures

Bioenergetic consequences of catabolic shifts by Lactobacillus plantarum in response to shifts in environmental oxygen and pH in chemostat cultures

Isolation and identification of an acetoin high production bacterium that can reverse transform 2,3-butanediol to acetoin at the decline phase of fermentation

Citrate metabolism in lactic acid bacteria

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