2021
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.645297
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pH-Responsive Amphiphilic Carboxylate Polymers: Design and Potential for Endosomal Escape

Abstract: The intracellular delivery of emerging biomacromolecular therapeutics, such as genes, peptides, and proteins, remains a great challenge. Unlike small hydrophobic drugs, these biotherapeutics are impermeable to the cell membrane, thus relying on the endocytic pathways for cell entry. After endocytosis, they are entrapped in the endosomes and finally degraded in lysosomes. To overcome these barriers, many carriers have been developed to facilitate the endosomal escape of these biomacromolecules. This mini-review… Show more

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Cited by 21 publications
(18 citation statements)
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“…Up to now, several approaches have been developed to facilitate the lysosome escape of nanomaterials. 12,13 For example, by exerting the negative charge state of the lysosomal membrane, some positively charged materials have been used as drug carriers and achieve lysosome escape by destabilizing the lysosomal membrane through electrostatic interactions. 14−16 Another approach involves the materials with exceptionally abundant basic groups, such as poly(ethylene imine) (PEI).…”
Section: ■ Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Up to now, several approaches have been developed to facilitate the lysosome escape of nanomaterials. 12,13 For example, by exerting the negative charge state of the lysosomal membrane, some positively charged materials have been used as drug carriers and achieve lysosome escape by destabilizing the lysosomal membrane through electrostatic interactions. 14−16 Another approach involves the materials with exceptionally abundant basic groups, such as poly(ethylene imine) (PEI).…”
Section: ■ Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Up to now, several approaches have been developed to facilitate the lysosome escape of nanomaterials. , For example, by exerting the negative charge state of the lysosomal membrane, some positively charged materials have been used as drug carriers and achieve lysosome escape by destabilizing the lysosomal membrane through electrostatic interactions. Another approach involves the materials with exceptionally abundant basic groups, such as poly­(ethylene imine) (PEI). They are used to rupture lysosomes via the so-called “proton sponge effect”. Moreover, membrane fusion is also an operational way for lysosome escape, which can be accomplished by using cationic liposomes or fusogenic peptides.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Control of drug release is particularly significant because non-covalent drug loading to nanosystems results often in relatively fast drug release. Furthermore, covalent links allow generation of site-specific drug release in retina [10] or even in sub-cellular compartments [87].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 21 23 Meanwhile, other fields have initially shown the broad application prospects of this polymer. 24 26 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%