Enhanced
synergistic stain removal is realized by tailoring the
comonomer fractions of a light- and thermo-dual responsive copolymer,
which is immobilized on cotton fabrics by a cross-linker. The copolymer
poly(acrylamide azobenzene-co-ethylene glycol methacrylate-co-triethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate), denoted
P(AAAB1-co-EGMA2-co-MEO3MA17), is prepared by the ATRP polymerization
method. The present molar ratio for these monomers is 1:2:17. Because
of the existence of the light-responsive AAAB unit, the transition
temperature of its aqueous solution under UV radiation is shifted
to 39 °C, which is 2 °C higher than that in ambient conditions.
This increase is caused by the trans–cis isomerization from
the azobenzene groups, indicating an increased hydrophilicity of P(AAAB1-co-EGMA2-co-MEO3MA17) under UV radiation. After being immobilized
onto cotton fabrics by a cross-linker, they are also dual-responsive.
The equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) of the cotton fabrics is further
increased after UV radiation. Compared to our former investigation,
the reduction of the AAAB molar fraction from 0.1 to 0.05 causes an
increase of the ESR value by 10%. Moreover, the stain removal efficiency
of the cotton fabrics immobilized with P(AAAB1-co-EGMA2-co-MEO3MA17) by cross-linker is also significantly improved under UV
radiation. The hydrophilicity of the copolymer mainly from the MEO3MA units is crucial to the cleaning capability. Additionally
lowering the attachment between stain and the copolymer coating on
the cotton fabrics by trans–cis isomerization in those AAAB
units also favors the cleaning. Hence, the stain removal is strongly
improved by optimizing the fraction of light- versus thermo-responsive
components in the copolymer, which can profoundly reduce the consumption
of chemical detergents and energy during laundry.