pH‐responsive zwitterionic carbon dots for detection of rituximab antibody

Abstract

Zwitterionic carbon dots (CDs) have received much attention as a result of good photostability, high biocompatibility, and high quantum yield. In this study, novel zwitterionic CDs were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method of citric acid (CA) and l‐histidine as carbon and nitrogen precursors, respectively. Prepared zwitterionic CDs have an average particle size of 4 nm diameter and showed green fluorescence with a peak at 530 nm when excited at 470 nm; quantum efficiency was 39.34% using rhodamine 6G as a baseline. The fluorescence intensity of zwitterionic CDs was quenched by rituximab in the range 0–400 μmol L−1, with a limit of detection of 27 μmol L−1. In addition, the synthesized zwitterionic CDs had low toxicity, good stability, and high selectivity and sensitivity sensing for rituximab, therefore zwitterionic CDs are a promising candidate for practical applications.

Detection of sulphur(ii) of carbon dots synthesized from Gardenia residue

“…The UV absorption peak of the CDs was located at 280 nm, which was attributed to the n-p* transition of the C]O group. 32 On the basis of the IR and UV results, it was concluded that the CDs contained carbonyl or conjugated carbonyl groups (Fig. 4c).…”

A ratiometric fluorescence strategy based on copper nanoclusters/carbon dots for sensitive detection of doxorubicin

“…[ 20 ] In fact, the precursors of copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) are inexpensive and more readily available than those for synthesizing gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and silver nanoclusters (AgNCs). Furthermore, carbon dots (CDs) are used as high‐performance fluorescent nanoprobes in various fields such as chemical sensing [ 21–23 ] and bioimaging applications [ 24,25 ] due to their properties of good water‐solubility, low cost, easily synthesis and outstanding optical properties. These properties make them promising applications for ratiometric fluorescent probes.…”

Nitrogen‐doped carbon dots as a fluorescent probe for the highly sensitive detection of bilirubin and cell imaging

“…analysis using CDs is a promising platform for chemical, biological, and environmental detection with high sensitivity and selectivity. [25][26][27] However, the development of suitable CDs for bilirubin detection has not been explored in depth. Anjana et al [28] have reported an effective fluorescence probe for the detection of bilirubin using sulfur (S)and nitrogen (N)-doped CDs, which were synthesized using citric acid and L-cysteine by a microwave-assisted method.…”