pH-sensitive gold nanoclusters labeling with radiometallic nuclides for diagnosis and treatment of tumor

89Zr-Labeled pH-Responsive Gold Nanoclusters for Radiosensitization Therapy of Tumors

“…The preparation of L-cysteineand glutathione-coated gold nanoclusters (L-Cys/GSH@AuNCs) was conducted following a previously reported method with slight modifications. 24 In brief, 82.3 μL of the 243 mM HAuCl 4 solution was added to a mixture containing 7.5 mL of glutathione solution (4 mM) and 2.5 mL of L-Cys solution (4 mM). The resulting mixture was stirred for 5 min at the ambient temperature, and then the pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.4 using a 1 M NaOH solution.…”

“…23 In a previous study, we modified the AuNCs with quaternary ammonium groups or tertiary amine groups and achieved pH-targeted tumor diagnosis and therapies. 24 However, introduction of these groups significantly slowed the renal clearance efficiency, resulting in prolonged retention in the kidneys.…”

“…Tumors typically exhibit lower extracellular pH levels, around 6.5 to 6.8, due to altered angiogenesis and metabolism. , This acidity is even more pronounced in intracellular compartments like lysosomes and endosomes, where pH levels range from 5 to 6, inducing the aggregation of AuNCs . In a previous study, we modified the AuNCs with quaternary ammonium groups or tertiary amine groups and achieved pH-targeted tumor diagnosis and therapies . However, introduction of these groups significantly slowed the renal clearance efficiency, resulting in prolonged retention in the kidneys.…”

Intramolecular Charge Transfer of Gold Nanoclusters for pH Indicating

“…After accumulating in the tumor's acidic microenvironment, PET/CT imaging was achieved, which facilitated tumor diagnosis and treatment. 15 Liu et al 16 utilized histidine and polylysine as stabilizers and reductants for the one-pot synthesis of AuNCs. The fluorescence could be quenched by Cr 6+ owing to the aggregation of AuNCs and FRET between AuNCs and Cr 6+ .…”

“…Zhang’s group synthesized glutathione-coated AuNCs doped with radiometallic nuclides. After accumulating in the tumor's acidic microenvironment, PET/CT imaging was achieved, which facilitated tumor diagnosis and treatment . Liu et al utilized histidine and polylysine as stabilizers and reductants for the one-pot synthesis of AuNCs.…”