pH Variations and Chemometric Assessment of Borehole Water in Orji, Owerri Imo State, Nigeria

Enyoh, Christian Ebere; Verla, Andrew Wirnkor; Egejuru, Ngozi Jane

doi:10.4172/2380-2391.1000238

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Metals that are of high density are defined as heavy metals, specifically metals with density greater than 5 g/cm 3 and adversely affecting the ecosystem. Heavy metals are ubiquitous and find their way into the environment by natural means and through human activities [37,172]. The sources of heavy metals in the environment are varied including natural weathering and mining of the earth's crust, soil erosion, urban runoff, industrial effluents, sewage discharge, pesticides application and many others [115,75,172]).…”

Section: Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic–toxic chemical interaction: a review study on quantified levels, mechanism and implication

et al. 2019

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Current problem facing researchers globally is microplastics as well as toxic chemical pollution of the ecosystem. Microplastics carry toxic chemicals in the ecosystem serving as a vector for transport. In this study, a review of the literature has been conducted with the following objectives: (1) to summarize the concentrations of toxic chemicals such heavy metals and hydrophobic organic contaminants sorped on microplastics; (2) to evaluate their spatial distribution regarding adsorbed contaminant; (3) to discuss plausible mechanism by which microplastics adsorp or desorp toxic chemicals in the environment; (4) to discuss implications of their occurrence in air, water and soil media; and (5) to discuss the impact of ingested microplastics to human health. Microplastics are ubiquitous environmental contaminant. Concentrations of sorped toxic chemical varied by location which represents a local problem; industrialized areas (especially areas experiencing crude oil-related activities or have history of crude oil pollution) have higher concentrations than less industrialized areas. Ingestion of microplastics has been demonstrated in a range of marine and soil organisms as well as edible plants, thus possibly contaminating the base of the food web. Potential health effect to human is by particle localization, chemical toxicity and microbial toxins. We conclude by highlighting the gap in knowledge and suggesting key future areas of research for scientists and policymakers.

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Section: Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic–toxic chemical interaction: a review study on quantified levels, mechanism and implication

et al. 2019

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“…The water sample was digested using aqua-regia (HCl+HNO 3 in ratio 3 to 1). one mL of the water sample was digested for 3 days in a test tube with 24 mL of aqua-regia (Enyoh, Verla & Egejuru, 2018;Verla et al, 2018;Verla et al, 2019a). The digested filtrates were used for the total metal quantification of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn, and Cu using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer AAnalyst 400) in mg/l (ppm).…”

Section: Determination Of Heavy Metals and Macro Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most organ/systems are affected by heavy metal toxicity; the most common include the hematopoietic, renal, and cardiovascular organs/systems (Verla et al, 2019b). Movement and chemical stability of ions in water are controlled by a complex series of biogeochemical processes that depend on physicochemical properties of the water such as pH, temperature, redox potential including adsorption, precipitation and ion exchange reactions in water Enyoh, Verla & Egejuru, 2018). Generally, for most metals decreasing pH causes an increase in metal solubility in many forms except metals present in the form of oxyanions or amphoteric species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, for most metals decreasing pH causes an increase in metal solubility in many forms except metals present in the form of oxyanions or amphoteric species. Studies have shown that metal solubility correlated positively with pH (Enyoh, Verla & Egejuru, 2018) and becomes limited at pH range of 5.5 to 6.0 while more distributed at temperature range of 15-35 • C (Pérez-Esteban et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2006;Jing, He & Yang, 2007;Yuanxing et al, 2017). Therefore, the distribution, solubility and toxicity of ions in water can be controlled by controlling the physicochemical properties of the water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Finding a relationship between physicochemical characteristics and ionic composition of River Nworie, Imo State, Nigeria

Verla

Enyoh

2020

PeerJ Analytical Chemistry

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Water has been described as a universal solvent, and this is perhaps the strength behind its many uses. Despite this unique property, anthropogenic activities along its course and natural factors often determine the composition of water. In the current research, the portion of River Nworie having past Owerri town was sampled in the dry season 2017 to determine its ionic composition at predestinated points and to relate such properties to its physicochemical characteristics. Studies relating physicochemical properties and dissolved toxic ions in water could develop a body of knowledge that could enable detection and quantification of potential risk of ions such as heavy metals from natural water to aquatic ecosystem, animal and human health without actually involving aquatic organism, animal and human. Clean sterile plastic bottles were used for collecting surface water. A total of 30 sub-samples from five points at 300 m apart were sampled in the morning. Physicochemical properties were determined using standard methods and ionic composition of water was determined according methods of APHA. Results revealed that Ca2+ had a mean 23.60 ± 0.67 mg/l and was the highest while K+ with a mean 0.72 ± 0.30 was the least amongst major cations. Amongst the major anions Cl− had mean of 31.58 ± 4.47 mg/l while mean of PO43− was 1.42 ± 0.13 mg/l. The ionic balance calculate as % balance error showed high values for all sampling sites ranging from 30 to 39.42% indicating that there is massive input from anthropogenic activities. The computed relationships for selected heavy metals, cations and anions revealed that R2 values were ranging between ± 0.012 to 1 indicating some form of relationship existing. The water pH weakly correlated with dissolved cations and anions while moderate with pH only, due to the pH level (5.2–6.2). The cations and anions were more influenced by the water temperature than the heavy metals. Therefore, high temperature ranges of 31–32.4 °C will favour more dissolution of cations and anions in natural water. Cations showed stronger relationship with EC while only heavy metals showed no relationship with DO (Dissolved oxygen). Dissolved oxygen relationship with cations and anions was in the order; K+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > Na+ while anions was SO42− > NO3− > Cl− > PO43−, respectively. Information here could be used to predict the effects of using this water for various purposes including water for agricultural purposes, in the management of ion polluted waters, and also to inform on the mitigation process to be taken.

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“…Specifically, metals with density greater than 5 g/cm 3 and adversely affecting the ecosystem. Heavy metals are ubiquitous and find their way into the environment by natural means and through human activities (Enyoh et. al., 2018;.…”

Section: Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic-Toxic Chemical Interaction: A Review Study on Quantified Levels, Mechanism and Implication

Wirnkor¹,

Enyoh²,

Ngozi³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Current problem facing researchers globally is microplastics as well as toxic chemical pollution of the ecosystem. Microplastics carry toxic chemicals in the ecosystem.serving as a vector for transport. In this study, a review of the literature has been conducted with the following objectives: (1) to summarise the concentrations of toxic chemicals such heavy metals and hydrophobic organic contaminants sorped on microplastics; (2) to evaluate their spatial distribution regarding adsorbed contaminant (3) to discuss plausible mechanism by which microplastics adsorp or desorp toxic chemicals in the environment; (4) to discuss implications of their occurrence in air, water and soil media; and (5) to discuss the impact of ingested microplastics to human health. Microplastics are ubiquitous environmental contaminant. Concentrations of sorped toxic chemical varied with location which represents a local problem; industrialized areas (especially areas experiencing crude oil related activities or have history of crude oil pollution) have higher concentrations than less industrialized areas. Ingestion of microplastics has been demonstrated in a range of marine and soil organisms as well as edible plants, thus possible contaminating the base of the food-web. Potential health effect to human is by particle localization, chemical toxicity and microbal toxins. We conclude by highlighting the gap in knowledge and suggesting key future areas of research for scientists and policymakers.

show abstract

pH Variations and Chemometric Assessment of Borehole Water in Orji, Owerri Imo State, Nigeria

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Microplastic–toxic chemical interaction: a review study on quantified levels, mechanism and implication

Microplastic–toxic chemical interaction: a review study on quantified levels, mechanism and implication

Finding a relationship between physicochemical characteristics and ionic composition of River Nworie, Imo State, Nigeria

Microplastic-Toxic Chemical Interaction: A Review Study on Quantified Levels, Mechanism and Implication

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