Phage Biopesticides and Soil Bacteria: Multilayered and Complex Interactions

Svircev, A. M.; Lehman, Susan M.; Sholberg, P. L.; Roach, Dwayne R.; Castle, Alan J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14512-4_8

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Erwinia spp. phages are known to be able to cross the species barrier and infect the orchard epiphyte P. agglomerans (Erskine, ; Lehman, ; Svircev et al ., 2010; 2011) . Independently, Erskine () and Harrison and Gibbins () reported that phages that could infect E. amylovora were capable of a lysogeny in P. agglomerans .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteriophages (phages) offer a novel biological control mechanism since they are ubiquitous in the orchard environment, self‐replicating, nontoxic to eukaryotes, biodegradable unlike many agrochemicals and usually species and strain specific with no effect on indigenous bacteria. Phage‐mediated control of fire blight has been studied in laboratory and under field conditions (Erskine, ; Gill et al ., ; Lehman, ; Müller et al ., ; Svircev et al ., 2010; 2011; Boulé et al ., ; Schwarczinger et al ., ; Nagy et al ., ). Erskine () first demonstrated that a temperate phage that lysogenized a yellow saprophytic bacterium reduced fire blight symptoms when co‐inoculated with E. amylovora on pear slices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, field‐based trials and in planta bioassays have demonstrated that Erwinia spp. phages have the ability to control E. amylovora at levels comparable to that of streptomycin (Lehman, ; Svircev et al ., 2010; 2011). This control was achieved by applying lytic phages along with a non‐pathogenic orchard bacterial epiphyte, Pantoea agglomerans .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absence of lysogeny in wild populations of Erwinia amylovora and Pantoea agglomerans

Roach

Sjaarda

et al. 2015

Microbial Biotechnology

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Lytic bacteriophages are in development as biological control agents for the prevention of fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora. Temperate phages should be excluded as biologicals since lysogeny produces the dual risks of host resistance to phage attack and the transduction of virulence determinants between bacteria. The extent of lysogeny was estimated in wild populations of E. amylovora and Pantoea agglomerans with real–time polymerase chain reaction primers developed to detect E. amylovora phages belonging to the Myoviridae and Podoviridae families. Pantoea agglomerans, an orchard epiphyte, is easily infected by Erwinia spp. phages, and it serves as a carrier in the development of the phage-mediated biological control agent. Screening of 161 E. amylovora isolates from 16 distinct geographical areas in North America, Europe, North Africa and New Zealand and 82 P. agglomerans isolates from southern Ontario, Canada showed that none possessed prophage. Unstable phage resistant clones or lysogens were produced under laboratory conditions. Additionally, a stable lysogen was recovered from infection of bacterial isolate Ea110R with Podoviridae phage ΦEa35-20. These laboratory observations suggested that while lysogeny is possible in E. amylovora, it is rare or absent in natural populations, and there is a minimal risk associated with lysogenic conversion and transduction by Erwinia spp. phages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absence of lysogeny in wild populations of Erwinia amylovora and Pantoea agglomerans

Roach

Sjaarda

et al. 2015

Microbial Biotechnology

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“…The main purpose of this study was to determine the roles of amylovoran and levan in plaque morphology, preference of phages for specific hosts, and phage productivity. Lytic phages are currently being evaluated as biological control agents for the control of E. amylovora in the orchard (35,36,39,40,41,42). The flower stigma is the primary entry site for E. amylovora during fire blight infection and provides the nutrient-rich environment in which the pathogen and biological control agent interact (43,44,45,46).…”

Section: T He Common Characteristic Of Infection Of Rosaceous Plants Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Exopolysaccharide Quantity and Composition Impact Erwinia amylovora Bacteriophage Pathogenesis

Roach

Sjaarda

Castle

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Erwinia amylovora bacteriophages (phages) belonging to the Myoviridae and Podoviridae families demonstrated a preference for either high-exopolysaccharide-producing (HEP) or low-exopolysaccharide-producing (LEP) bacterial hosts when grown on artificial medium without or with sugar supplementation. Myoviridae phages produced clear plaques on LEP hosts and turbid plaques on HEP hosts. The reverse preference was demonstrated by most Podoviridae phages, where clear plaques were seen on HEP hosts. Efficiency of plating (EOP) was determined by comparing phage growth on the original isolation host to the that on the LEP or HEP host. Nine of 10 Myoviridae phages showed highest EOPs on LEP hosts, and 8 of 11 Podoviridae phages had highest EOPs on HEP hosts. Increasing the production of EPS on sugar-supplemented medium or decreasing production by knocking out the synthesis of amylovoran or levan, the two EPSs produced by E. amylovora, indicated that these components play crucial roles in phage infection. Amylovoran was virtually essential for proliferation of most Podoviridae phages when phage population growth was compared to the wild type. Decreased levan production resulted in a significant reduction of progeny from phages in the Myoviridae family. Thus, Podoviridae phages are adapted to hosts that produce high levels of exopolysaccharides and are dependent on host-produced amylovoran for pathogenesis. Myoviridae phages are adapted to hosts that produce lower levels of exopolysaccharides and host-produced levan.

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“…On the other hand, there are concerns about the safety of phage release into the environment as they can disrupt the naturally occurring ratio between phages and bacteria and disrupt nutrient cycling (Svircev et al . ; Meaden and Koskella ). Furthermore, some phages may infect strains used to promote plant growth and to suppress fungal plant diseases such as Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 lysed by ΦGP100 phage (Keel et al .…”

Section: Positive and Negative Implications Of Exploiting Phages In Tmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phages in the global fruit and vegetable industry

2014

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Summary From recent articles, we have learned that phages can constitute a promising alternative in the food industry to eliminate bacterial pathogens from seedlings in greenhouse and field environments, as well as from fresh‐cut food products. The fruit and vegetable industry requires quite a different approach than the meat or dairy industry. Several factors can inhibit efficacy of phage treatment such as plant watering or washing ready‐to‐eat products (water may dilute therapeutic doses), UV irradiation or extensive spreading of phytopathogens by wind, insects or even humans. Spontaneously occurring anomalous weather conditions in different parts of the world also may have an enormous impact on phage persistence in cultivations and on yields. Despite that, some phage preparations are commercially available and, without doubt, are much safer than chemical treatments. Along with increasing worldwide fruit and vegetable consumption, plant diseases and human foodborne illnesses are becoming a serious economic problem, resulting in a focus on optimization of phage treatment.

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Phage Biopesticides and Soil Bacteria: Multilayered and Complex Interactions

Cited by 10 publications

References 97 publications

Absence of lysogeny in wild populations of Erwinia amylovora and Pantoea agglomerans

Absence of lysogeny in wild populations of Erwinia amylovora and Pantoea agglomerans

Host Exopolysaccharide Quantity and Composition Impact Erwinia amylovora Bacteriophage Pathogenesis

Phages in the global fruit and vegetable industry

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