Phage fitness may help predict phage therapy efficacy

Lindberg, Heather M; McKean, Kurt A.; Wang, Ing-Nang

doi:10.4161/21597073.2014.964081

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Increased appreciation of phage-bacterial ecological interactions within biofilm-containing environments also could, ideally, inspire greater degrees of experimentation in terms of phage dosing particulars, phage types employed, bacterial strains targeted, or experimental conditions [ 150 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 ]. Ideally this might result in more consistent, rapid, or otherwise effective biofilm eradication, as experienced in actual practice, and particularly would be rather than relying on assumptions that phages, as effective predators of bacteria, ought to be able to wipe out sensitive bacteria without substantial regard for dosing or other particulars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of Anti-Biofilm Agents II: Bacteriophage Exploitation and Biocontrol of Biofilm Bacteria

Abedon

2015

Pharmaceuticals

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Bacteriophages are the viruses of bacteria. In the guise of phage therapy they have been used for decades to successfully treat what are probable biofilm-containing chronic bacterial infections. More recently, phage treatment or biocontrol of biofilm bacteria has been brought back to the laboratory for more rigorous assessment as well as towards the use of phages to combat environmental biofilms, ones other than those directly associated with bacterial infections. Considered in a companion article is the inherent ecological utility of bacteriophages versus antibiotics as anti-biofilm agents. Discussed here is a model for phage ecological interaction with bacteria as they may occur across biofilm-containing ecosystems. Specifically, to the extent that individual bacterial types are not highly abundant within biofilm-containing environments, then phage exploitation of those bacteria may represent a “Feast-or-famine” existence in which infection of highly localized concentrations of phage-sensitive bacteria alternate with treacherous searches by the resulting phage progeny virions for new concentrations of phage-sensitive bacteria to infect. An updated synopsis of the literature concerning laboratory testing of phage use to combat bacterial biofilms is then provided along with tips on how “Ecologically” such phage-mediated biofilm control can be modified to more reliably achieve anti-biofilm efficacy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of Anti-Biofilm Agents II: Bacteriophage Exploitation and Biocontrol of Biofilm Bacteria

Abedon

2015

Pharmaceuticals

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“…2014 ). One exception is a study by Lindberg et al. (2014) where bacteriophages were used to successfully treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage Therapy is Effective in Protecting Honeybee Larvae from American Foulbrood Disease

Ghorbani-Nezami¹,

LeBlanc²,

Yost³

et al. 2015

J Insect Sci

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American foulbrood disease has a major impact on honeybees (Apis melifera) worldwide. It is caused by a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium, Paenibacillus larvae. The disease can only affect larval honeybees, and the bacterial endospores are the infective unit of the disease. Antibiotics are not sufficient to combat the disease due to increasing resistance among P. larvae strains. Because of the durability and virulence of P. larvae endospores, infections spread rapidly, and beekeepers are often forced to burn beehives and equipment. To date, very little information is available on the use of bacteriophage therapy in rescuing and preventing American foulbrood disease, therefore the goal of this study was to test the efficacy of phage therapy against P. larvae infection. Out of 32 previously isolated P. larvae phages, three designated F, WA, and XIII were tested on artificially reared honeybee larvae infected with P. larvae strain NRRL B-3650 spores. The presence of P. larvae DNA in dead larvae was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification. Survival rates for phage-treated larvae were approximately the same as for larvae never infected with spores (84%), i.e., the phages had no deleterious effect on the larvae. Additionally, prophylactic treatment of larvae with phages before spore infection was more effective than administering phages after infection, although survival in both cases was higher than spores alone (45%). Further testing to determine the optimal combination and concentration of phages, and testing in actual hive conditions are needed.

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“…The ability of a phage to infect and lyse the target bacterial strain is generally agreed to be a basic requirement for successful phage therapy [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Phage virulence, which is defined as the ability of a phage to control the growth of its host in culture, may also be an indicator of phage utility [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The phage host range is affected by a number of factors [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a Microtiter Plate-Based Assay for Determination of Bacteriophage Host Range and Virulence

Xie

Wahab

Gill

2018

Viruses

109

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Bacteriophages, which are the natural predators of bacteria, have re-emerged as an attractive alternative to combat antibiotic resistant bacteria. Phages are highly specific at the species and strain level and measurement of the phage host range plays an important role in utilizing the phage as antimicrobials. The most common method for phage host range determination has been to spot phage lysates on soft agar overlays and observe plaque formation. In this study, a liquid culture-based assay was developed in a 96-well microtiter plate format to measure the phage host range and virulence for a collection of 15 Salmonella phages against a panel of 20 Salmonella strains representing 11 serovars. This method was compared to a traditional spot method. The majority of the host range results from two methods were in agreement including in cases where a bacterial strain was insensitive to the phage. Each method produced a false-negative result in 19/300 (6%) of the measured phage-host combinations when compared to the other method. The spot method tended to indicate greater phage sensitivity than the microtiter assay even though direct comparisons of the response magnitude between the two methods is difficult since they operate on different mechanisms. The microtiter plate assay was able to provide data on both the phage host range and virulence in greater resolution in a high-throughput format.

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Phage fitness may help predict phage therapy efficacy

Cited by 48 publications

References 49 publications

Ecology of Anti-Biofilm Agents II: Bacteriophage Exploitation and Biocontrol of Biofilm Bacteria

Ecology of Anti-Biofilm Agents II: Bacteriophage Exploitation and Biocontrol of Biofilm Bacteria

Phage Therapy is Effective in Protecting Honeybee Larvae from American Foulbrood Disease

Development and Validation of a Microtiter Plate-Based Assay for Determination of Bacteriophage Host Range and Virulence

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