Phage Identification of Bacteria

Rees, Catherine; Green, Lorrence H.; Goldman, Emanuel; Loessner, Martin J.

doi:10.1201/b17871-10

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Several publications have been reported to have provided information about antibacterial drugs with antibiofilm activities. Rifampin, for instance, an antibiotic used for the treatment of TB and other bacterial infections, has been reported to have inhibited and disrupted biofilm in S. aureus [ 113 , 114 ]. Rifampin has also been reported to have shown antibiofilm activity in combination with another antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, against S. aureus biofilm [ 115 ].…”

Section: Strategies Used To Inhibit and Disrupt Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm: Morphology, Genetics, Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies

Idrees

Sawant

Karodia

et al. 2021

IJERPH

178

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Staphylococcus aureus is a nosocomial bacterium causing different infectious diseases, ranging from skin and soft tissue infections to more serious and life-threatening infections such as septicaemia. S. aureus forms a complex structure of extracellular polymeric biofilm that provides a fully secured and functional environment for the formation of microcolonies, their sustenance and recolonization of sessile cells after its dispersal. Staphylococcus aureus biofilm protects the cells against hostile conditions, i.e., changes in temperature, limitations or deprivation of nutrients and dehydration, and, more importantly, protects the cells against antibacterial drugs. Drugs are increasingly becoming partially or fully inactive against S. aureus as they are either less penetrable or totally impenetrable due to the presence of biofilms surrounding the bacterial cells. Other factors, such as evasion of innate host immune system, genome plasticity and adaptability through gene evolution and exchange of genetic material, also contribute to the ineffectiveness of antibacterial drugs. This increasing tolerance to antibiotics has contributed to the emergence and rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a serious problem that has resulted in increased morbidity and mortality of human and animal populations globally, in addition to causing huge financial losses to the global economy. The purpose of this review is to highlight different aspects of S. aureus biofilm formation and its overall architecture, individual biofilm constituents, clinical implications and role in pathogenesis and drug resistance. The review also discusses different techniques used in the qualitative and quantitative investigation of S. aureus biofilm and various strategies that can be employed to inhibit and eradicate S. aureus biofilm.

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Section: Strategies Used To Inhibit and Disrupt Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm: Morphology, Genetics, Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies

Idrees

Sawant

Karodia

et al. 2021

IJERPH

178

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“…The lytic cycle or ‘virulent phages’ fit in the class of ‘natural antimicrobial controlling agents’ and are arguably the most abundant biological entities on the planet. These are being exploited in various areas of biotechnology, including rapid bacterial detection (Stewart et al 1993 ; McIntyre et al 1996 ; Stewart et al 1998 ; Favrin et al 2001 , 2003 ; Jassim and Griffiths 2007 ; Rees and Loessner 2009 ; Jassim et al 2011 ), food bioprocessing (Jassim et al 2012 ) and removal of bacterial biofilm (Hibma et al 1997 ; Jassim et al 2012 ).…”

Section: Bacteriophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural solution to antibiotic resistance: bacteriophages ‘The Living Drugs’

Jassim¹,

Limoges²

2014

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

124

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Antibiotics have been a panacea in animal husbandry as well as in human therapy for decades. The huge amount of antibiotics used to induce the growth and protect the health of farm animals has lead to the evolution of bacteria that are resistant to the drug’s effects. Today, many researchers are working with bacteriophages (phages) as an alternative to antibiotics in the control of pathogens for human therapy as well as prevention, biocontrol, and therapy in animal agriculture. Phage therapy and biocontrol have yet to fulfill their promise or potential, largely due to several key obstacles to their performance. Several suggestions are shared in order to point a direction for overcoming common obstacles in applied phage technology. The key to successful use of phages in modern scientific, farm, food processing and clinical applications is to understand the common obstacles as well as best practices and to develop answers that work in harmony with nature.

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“…In gram-negative bacteria, DNA gyrase, and grampositive bacteria, topoisomerase IV is targeted (9,10). The resistance of P. aeruginosa to fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, can be mediated by mutations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, reducing wall permeability and increasing efflux pump expression (11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of Gene Mutations (gyrA, parC) in Resistance to Ciprofloxacin in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

et al. 2021

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Scan to discover onlineBackground & Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. This bacterium's antibiotic resistance to the common fluoroquinolone antibiotics, especially ciprofloxacin, is due to mutations in the gyrA and parC genes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the mutation in (gyrA, parC) on ciprofloxacin resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods: A total of 140 clinical samples were collected from hospitals. The samples were identified by standard biochemical tests, and the antibiotic resistance was investigated by the disk diffusion method. DNA was extracted from 30 isolates, and PCR was performed. PCRsequencing was carried out to assess gyrA and parC mutations in drug-resistant isolates. NCBI-Blast and MEGA7 software was used to analyze the nucleotide sequences.Results: 30 clinical isolates were 80% resistant to ciprofloxacin; meanwhile, in 21 samples, mutations were observed. 87/5% of mutations were related to gyrA (Thr83 → Ile), 79/16 % parC (Ser87 → Leu), and 4/18% (Glu91 → Lys). The antibiotic resistance to ciprofloxacin and mutations in gyrA and parC genes in resistant isolates are significantly related to each other (P<0.05). Conclusion:The mutations in the gyrA and parC genes play an essential role in resistance to ciprofloxacin in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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Phage Identification of Bacteria

Cited by 5 publications

References 104 publications

Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm: Morphology, Genetics, Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies

Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm: Morphology, Genetics, Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies

Natural solution to antibiotic resistance: bacteriophages ‘The Living Drugs’

The role of Gene Mutations (gyrA, parC) in Resistance to Ciprofloxacin in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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