Phage T4 Structure and Metabolism

Mosig, Gisela; Eiserling, Frederick A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5490-1_9

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 313 publications

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“…P5 does not seem to bind to a secondary receptor in laboratory conditions because P2 Ϫ particles do not bind to host cells (20). However, because PRD1 has a very broad host range, P5 might give the virus a selective advantage in the wild, similar to the short tail fibers of the T-even phages (37). Our data defined the interaction site between P2 and P5 to the level of the capsid shell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Tale of two spikes in bacteriophage PRD1

Huiskonen

Manole

Butcher

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Structural comparisons between bacteriophage PRD1 and adenovirus have revealed an evolutionary relationship that has contributed significantly to current ideas on virus phylogeny. However, the structural organization of the receptor-binding spike complex and how the different symmetry mismatches are mediated between the spike-complex proteins are not clear. We determined the architecture of the PRD1 spike complex by using electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction of a series of PRD1 mutants. We constructed an atomic model for the fulllength P5 spike protein by using comparative modeling. P5 was shown to be bound directly to the penton base protein P31. P5 and the receptor-binding protein P2 form two separate spikes, interacting with each other near the capsid shell. P5, with a tumor necrosis factor-like head domain, may have been responsible for host recognition before capture of the current receptor-binding protein P2.electron cryomicroscopy ͉ symmetry mismatch ͉ vertex ͉ virus

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Tale of two spikes in bacteriophage PRD1

Huiskonen

Manole

Butcher

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Most of the studies in this area have been done with tailed double-stranded DNA phages. Phages of the family Myoviridae (for classification of tailed phages, see reference 5), including T4, P1, and P2, have contractile tails, in which the contraction of the sheath is thought to bring the central hollow tube through the OM (431). Some morphological studies suggest that this insertion of the tail core occurs at, or induces the formation of, the OM-inner membrane fusion structure (649).…”

Section: Entry Of Colicins and Phage Nucleic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Basis of Bacterial Outer Membrane Permeability Revisited

Nikaido

2003

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

3,839

3,800

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Gram-negative bacteria characteristically are surrounded by an additional membrane layer, the outer membrane. Although outer membrane components often play important roles in the interaction of symbiotic or pathogenic bacteria with their host organisms, the major role of this membrane must usually be to serve as a permeability barrier to prevent the entry of noxious compounds and at the same time to allow the influx of nutrient molecules. This review summarizes the development in the field since our previous review (H. Nikaido and M. Vaara, Microbiol. Rev. 49:1-32, 1985) was published. With the discovery of protein channels, structural knowledge enables us to understand in molecular detail how porins, specific channels, TonB-linked receptors, and other proteins function. We are now beginning to see how the export of large proteins occurs across the outer membrane. With our knowledge of the lipopolysaccharide-phospholipid asymmetric bilayer of the outer membrane, we are finally beginning to understand how this bilayer can retard the entry of lipophilic compounds, owing to our increasing knowledge about the chemistry of lipopolysaccharide from diverse organisms and the way in which lipopolysaccharide structure is modified by environmental conditions

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“…The question of whether translation of phage RNA is required just to mask potential rho-dependent termination sites and/or to allow the synthesis of viral antitermination proteins could not be answered on the basis of experiments that used inhibitors of protein synthesis. Furthermore, analysis of this problem is complicated by the fact that many genes, transcribed by elongation of transcripts initiated at distal early promoters, are also transcribed from proximal promoters (the middle promoters) activated soon after infection (2,10,13,24,30,45,46).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sequence and characterization of the bacteriophage T4 comC alpha gene product, a possible transcription antitermination factor

Sanson

Uzan

1992

J Bacteriol

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We have sequenced a 1,340-bp region of the bacteriophage T4 DNA spanning the comCa gene, a gene which has been implicated in transcription antitermination. We show that comCav, identified unambiguously by sequencing several missense and nonsense mutations within the gene, codes for an acidic polypeptide of 141 residues, with a predicted molecular weight of 16,680. We have identified its product on one-and two-dimensional gel systems and found that it migrates abnormally as a protein with a molecular weight of 22,000. One of the missense mutations (comCa803) is a glycine-to-arginine change, and the resulting protein exhibits a substantially faster electrophoretic mobility. The ComCa protein appears immediately after infection. Its rate of synthesis is maximum around 2 to 3 min postinfection (at 37°C) and then starts to decrease slowly. Some residual biosynthesis is still detectable during the late period of phage development.The notion that termination and antitermination mechanisms may be operating in bacteriophage T4 development initially came from the observation of a strong polarity on early transcription when infection is carried out in the absence of translation. In vivo experiments that used inhibitors of protein synthesis, as well as in vitro studies, have shown that this polarity is due to the action of the host transcription terminator p (2). The question of whether translation of phage RNA is required just to mask potential rho-dependent termination sites and/or to allow the synthesis of viral antitermination proteins could not be answered on the basis of experiments that used inhibitors of protein synthesis. Furthermore, analysis of this problem is complicated by the fact that many genes, transcribed by elongation of transcripts initiated at distal early promoters, are also transcribed from proximal promoters (the middle promoters) activated soon after infection (2,10,13,24,30,45,46).Another set of experiments showing the involvement of p in T4 development derives from the isolation of rho mutants unable to support growth of T4 wild-type phage. They were called tabC (5, 40, 41) or hdf (38). It has been suggested that the altered p proteins made in these mutants are insensitive to T4-induced antitermination factors (31, 38). Thus, these mutations can be considered as producing a "super-rho" phenotype. Further support for this view is provided by the observation that one of these rho mutations (rhoO26; also called nusDO26) (37,38) was shown to impede the antitermination activity of XN, specifically at rho-dependent terminators (8).Phage mutants able to grow on tabC/hdf rho host mutants were isolated. These compensatory mutations, called comC or goF, were mapped mainly in two places on the chromosome: upstream of gene 39, in a nonessential region of the T4 genome, and between genes 55 and e (5,7,17,36,38,42 involved in replication and in head assembly, respectively. Infection of a super-rho strain (hdf/rhoO26) with wild-type phage leads to an increased proportion of RNA ending at a specific site within g...

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Phage T4 Structure and Metabolism

Cited by 41 publications

References 313 publications

Tale of two spikes in bacteriophage PRD1

Tale of two spikes in bacteriophage PRD1

Molecular Basis of Bacterial Outer Membrane Permeability Revisited

Sequence and characterization of the bacteriophage T4 comC alpha gene product, a possible transcription antitermination factor

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