Phage Typing

Chirakadze, Irina; Perets, Ann; Ahmed, Rafiq

doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-565-1_17

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Bacterial susceptibility to specific polyvalent staphylococcal phages from our collection was evaluated by spotting method ( Ślopek et al, 1983 ; Chirakadze et al, 2009 ). The bacteria cultures were prepared in liquid broth medium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Production in Response to Staphylococcal MS-1 Phage Cocktail in Patients Undergoing Phage Therapy

et al. 2016

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In this study, we investigated the humoral immune response (through the release of IgG, IgA, and IgM antiphage antibodies) to a staphylococcal phage cocktail in patients undergoing experimental phage therapy at the Phage Therapy Unit, Medical Center of the Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy in Wrocław, Poland. We also evaluated whether occurring antiphage antibodies had neutralizing properties toward applied phages (K rate). Among 20 examined patients receiving the MS-1 phage cocktail orally and/or locally, the majority did not show a noticeably higher level of antiphage antibodies in their sera during phage administration. Even in those individual cases with an increased immune response, mostly by induction of IgG and IgM, the presence of antiphage antibodies did not translate into unsatisfactory clinical results of phage therapy. On the other hand, a negative outcome of the treatment occurred in some patients who showed relatively weak production of antiphage antibodies before and during treatment. This may imply that possible induction of antiphage antibodies is not an obstacle to the implementation of phage therapy and support our assumption that the outcome of the phage treatment does not primarily depend on the appearance of antiphage antibodies in sera of patients during therapy. These conclusions are in line with our previous findings. The confirmation of this thesis is of great interest as regards the efficacy of phage therapy in humans.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Production in Response to Staphylococcal MS-1 Phage Cocktail in Patients Undergoing Phage Therapy

et al. 2016

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“…After drying the plates, 10 μl of phage suspension was spotted on each host strain. The plates were checked after 18 h incubation at 37°C for the presence of lysis zones (Pajunen et al 2000;Knezevic et al 2009;Chirakadze et al 2009). To measure thermal stability, filter sterilized phage at 1×10 11 pfu/ml was incubated at the specified temperatures in BHI broth, and samples taken at the indicated times were titered.…”

Section: Biological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of lytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophages via biological properties and genomic sequences

Karumidze

Thomas

Kvatadze

et al. 2012

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of infections, especially in patients with immunodeficiency or diabetes. Antibiotics are effective in preventing morbidity and mortality from Pseudomonas infection, but because of spreading multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, bacteriophages are being explored as an alternative therapy. Two newly purified broad host range Pseudomonas phages, named vB_Pae-Kakheti25 and vB_Pae-TbilisiM32, were characterized as candidates for use in phage therapy. Morphology, host range, growth properties, thermal stability, serology, genomic sequence, and virion composition are reported. When phages are used as bactericides, they are used in mixtures to overcome the development of resistance in the targeted bacterial population. These two phages are representative of diverse siphoviral and podoviral phage families, respectively, and hence have unrelated mechanisms of infection and no cross-antigenicity. Composing bactericidal phage mixtures with members of different phage families may decrease the incidence of developing resistance through a common mechanism.

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“…Despite nearly a century of pioneering molecular work, the mechanistic insights into phage specificity for a given host, infection pathways, and the breadth of bacterial responses to different phages have largely focused on a handful of individual bacterium-phage systems [9][10][11][12][13]. Bacterial sensitivity/resistance to phages is typically characterized using phenotypic methods such as crossinfection patterns against a panel of phages [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] or by whole-genome sequencing of phageresistant mutants [28][29][30][31][32][33]. As such, our understanding of bacterial resistance mechanisms against phages remains limited, and the field is therefore in need of improved methods to characterize phage-host interactions, determine the generality and diversity of phage resistance mechanisms in nature, and identify the degree of specificity for each bacterial resistance mechanism across diverse phage types [13,25,26,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-throughput mapping of the phage resistance landscape in E. coli

et al. 2020

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Bacteriophages (phages) are critical players in the dynamics and function of microbial communities and drive processes as diverse as global biogeochemical cycles and human health. Phages tend to be predators finely tuned to attack specific hosts, even down to the strain level, which in turn defend themselves using an array of mechanisms. However, to date, efforts to rapidly and comprehensively identify bacterial host factors important in phage infection and resistance have yet to be fully realized. Here, we globally map the host genetic determinants involved in resistance to 14 phylogenetically diverse double-stranded DNA phages using two model Escherichia coli strains (K-12 and BL21) with known sequence divergence to demonstrate strain-specific differences. Using genome-wide lossof-function and gain-of-function genetic technologies, we are able to confirm previously described phage receptors as well as uncover a number of previously unknown host factors that confer resistance to one or more of these phages. We uncover differences in resistance factors that strongly align with the susceptibility of K-12 and BL21 to specific phage. We also identify both phage-specific mechanisms, such as the unexpected role of cyclic-di-GMP in host sensitivity to phage N4, and more generic defenses, such as the overproduction of colanic acid capsular polysaccharide that defends against a wide array of phages. Our results indicate that host responses to phages can occur via diverse cellular mechanisms. Our systematic and high-throughput genetic workflow to characterize phage-host interaction determinants can be extended to diverse bacteria to generate datasets that allow predictive models of how phage-mediated selection will shape bacterial phenotype and evolution. The results of this study and future efforts to map the phage resistance landscape will lead to new insights into the coevolution of hosts and their phage, which can

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Phage Typing

Abstract: Phage typing is a rapid, economical, reliable, and reproducible technique, requiring no specialized equipment, for fingerprinting disease-causing agents for epidemiological investigation and surveillance.

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Antibody Production in Response to Staphylococcal MS-1 Phage Cocktail in Patients Undergoing Phage Therapy

Antibody Production in Response to Staphylococcal MS-1 Phage Cocktail in Patients Undergoing Phage Therapy

Characterization of lytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophages via biological properties and genomic sequences

High-throughput mapping of the phage resistance landscape in E. coli

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