Phage therapy, a promising alternative to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections,
harnesses the lytic cycle of bacteriophages to target and eliminate bacteria. Key players in
this process are the phage lysis proteins, including holin, endolysin, and spanin, which work synergistically
to disrupt the bacterial cell wall and induce lysis. Understanding the structure and function
of these proteins is crucial for the development of effective therapies. Recombinant versions
of these proteins have been engineered to enhance their stability and efficacy. Recent progress in
the field has led to the approval of bacteriophage-based therapeutics as drugs, paving the way for
their clinical use. These proteins can be combined in phage cocktails or combined with antibiotics
to enhance their activity against bacterial biofilms, a common cause of treatment failure. Animal
studies and clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of phage therapy
in humans. Overall, phage therapy holds great potential as a valuable tool in the fight against multidrug-
resistant bacteria, offering hope for the future of infectious disease treatment.