Phages of Cyanobacteria

Martin, Eugene L.; Benson, Randall

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5490-1_10

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Cyanostylovirus observed in the lysate of Lyngbya majuscula are morphologically similar to cyanophages isolated from several freshwater cyanobacterial genera including Synechococcus elongatus (S-2L, SM-2), Microcystis aeruginosa (S-1) and LPP (Lyngbya, Phormidium and Plectonema) group cyanobacteria (LPP-1, LPP-2, LPP-3A) (reviewed in Martin & Benson 1988) (Table 1). The tail structure of the L. majuscula virus is substantially shorter than the temperate cyanophage of Phormidium persicinum (Ohki & Fujita 1996), another marine filamentous cyanobacteria with a Cyanostylovirus cyanophage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Virus-like particles associated with Lyngbya majuscula (Cyanophyta; Oscillatoriacea) bloom decline in Moreton Bay, Australia

Hewson¹,

O’Neil²,

Dennison³

2001

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Expansive blooms of the toxic cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula were observed in 2 shallow water regions of Moreton Bay, Australia. The rapid bloom decline (8 to <1 km 2 in < 7 d) prompted an investigation of the role of cyanophage viruses in the ecophysiology of L. majuscula. Virus-like particles produced by decaying L. majuscula were observed using electron microscopy. The virus-like particles were similar in morphology to viruses in the genus Cyanostyloviridae. The effect of viruses on L. majuscula photosynthesis was investigated by: (1) creating a virus concentrate using tangential-flow ultrafiltration of seawater surrounding L. majuscula; (2) inoculating L. majuscula with the concentrate; and (3) measuring photosynthetic response using a pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometer. Virus concentrate addition resulted in decreased initial fluorescence, decreased photochemical efficiency and decreased electron transport rate in rapid light curves after 5 d. Viruses present within L. majuscula filaments may play an important role in the bloom dynamics of this ecologically important cyanobacterium. KEY WORDS: Lyngbya majuscula · Cyanophage · Virus · LysogenyResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Viruses have been implicated for some time as agents of bloom decline of freshwater cyanobacteria (reviewed in Martin & Benson 1988) and eukaryotic phytoplankton (Bratbak et al 1990, Nagasaki et al 1994. However, the role of viruses in bloom decline of macroscopic cyanobacterial species has not been previously investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus-like particles associated with Lyngbya majuscula (Cyanophyta; Oscillatoriacea) bloom decline in Moreton Bay, Australia

Hewson¹,

O’Neil²,

Dennison³

2001

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…Nonetheless, as rapid viral propagation occurs at high host densities (Wiggins & Alexander 1985), and lysogeny of Synechococcus spp. appears to be rare (Martin & Benson 1988), there must be strong selection for the Synechococcus community to remain diverse in terms of viral resistance. Consequently, infection may be an underlying mechanism maintaining high genetic diversity in Synechococcus spp.…”

Section: -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Safferman & Morris 1967, Stewart & Daft 1977, Martin & Benson 1988. Cyanophages have been implicated in the prevention of bloom formation and control of community structure in freshwater systems (Stewart & Daft 1977, Martin & Benson 1988. It is surprising, given the importance of cyanobacteria in marine systems as major primary producers (Li et al 1983, Murphy & Haugen 1985 and nitrogen fixers (Carpenter & Romans 1991), that there has been little systematic effort to document the occurrence and importance of cyanophages in marine systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine cyanophages infecting oceanic and coastal strains of Synechococcus: abundance, morphology, cross-infectivity and growth characteristics

Suttle¹,

Chan²

1993

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

306

349

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Eight different phycoerythrin-and phycocyanin-containing strains of Synechococcus spp. and 1 strain of Anacystis marina were screened against 29 natural virus communities taken from 3 locations in south Texas (USA) coastal waters, at different times of the year. In add~tion, 1 sample was screened from Peconic Bay, New York, USA. Cyanophages were detected in all samples, but the frequency with which they were detected and their abundance depended upon the strain of Synechococcus sp. that was screened. Viruses that infected red Synechococcus spp. strains (DC2, SYN 48) were particularly common and in some instances were in excess of 105 ml-l The abundances of cyanophages were weakly correlated with temperature (r2= 0.53 to 0.70), although they occurred at all of the temperatures (12 to 30.4 "C) and salinities (18 to 70 ppt) that were screened. The 7 cyanophages that were cloned belonged to the same 3 families of viruses that have been observed to infect freshwater cyanobacteria, namely the Siphoviridae (formerly Styloviridae), Myoviridae and Podoviridae. The cyanophage clones varied in host-specificity. For example, 1 clone infected a single Synechococcus sp. strain of 12 that were tested, whereas, another infected 4 of 9 strains tested. Growth characteristics of 1 of the virus clones was determined for a single host (BCCI). Photosynthesis in BCCI was not affected until near the onset of cell lysis and the virus burst cycle was complete ca 17 h post-infection. The burst size was approximately 250 infective particles. The high abundance of cyanophages in the natural environment provides further evidence that viruses are probably important regulators of phytoplankton dynamics in marine systems.

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Cyanophages and Their Role in the Ecology of Cyanobacteria

Suttle

The Ecology of Cyanobacteria

125

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Phages of Cyanobacteria

Cited by 18 publications

References 80 publications

Virus-like particles associated with Lyngbya majuscula (Cyanophyta; Oscillatoriacea) bloom decline in Moreton Bay, Australia

Virus-like particles associated with Lyngbya majuscula (Cyanophyta; Oscillatoriacea) bloom decline in Moreton Bay, Australia

Marine cyanophages infecting oceanic and coastal strains of Synechococcus: abundance, morphology, cross-infectivity and growth characteristics

Cyanophages and Their Role in the Ecology of Cyanobacteria

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