Phages T7 in biological UV dose measurements

Rontó, Gy.; Gáspár, S.; Bérces, Attila

doi:10.1016/1011-1344(92)85030-x

Cited by 79 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Viral inactivation probability by a given dose of radiation increases rapidly with decreasing wavelengths (Ronto et al 1992). Conversely, solar irradiance declines over the same range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Viral dynamics II: a model of the interaction of ultraviolet light and mixing processes on virus survival in seawater

Murray¹,

Jackson²

1993

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Viruses are an important component in the functioning of marine ecosystems. They are especially vulnerable at the stage when they are free particles seeking a new host. A major factor in viral mortality during this phase IS the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV radiation penetrates only a short distance into the water column because of a very high attenuation coefficient. Processes that move viruses to the surface change their UV exposure. We have modelled the mortality of viruses subject to UV radiation by means of a Lagrangian Monte-Carlo type model that incorporates viral movements within the mixed layer. For viruses with a given UV-induced surface mortality, mixed-layer depth and UV attenuation coefficient are important factors in their water column mortality. Other more subtle factors can also affect viral mortality: nature of the diurnal thermocline; type of mixing; and the time of day that they are released into the water. Viruses not subject to mlxing have their mortahty rate enhanced by internal wave motion, although the absolute mortality rates may remain low. Increased UV irradiance associated with atmospheric ozone depletion could significantly change viral mortality in polar environments. UV-induced mortality can be comparable to that from biological factors such as virucidal bacteria.

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“…Viral inactivation probability by a given dose of radiation increases rapidly with decreasing wavelengths (Ronto et al 1992). Conversely, solar irradiance declines over the same range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Viral mortality rate for a given wavelength is linearly dependent on the dose of UV received (Ronto et al 1992, Suttle & Chen 1992. Dose is the product of UV irradiance and exposure length.…”

Section: Viral Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral dynamics II: a model of the interaction of ultraviolet light and mixing processes on virus survival in seawater

Murray¹,

Jackson²

1993

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The damaging effect of high-energy radiation (UVC and X-ray) on viral infectivity has long been known and numerous laboratory studies were performed with human viruses and phages infecting enterobacteria. Coliphages were used as biological UV dosimeters in aquatic systems by assessing either sunlight-induced losses of infectivity [271][272][273] or formation of photoproducts [274]. But it is only recently that phages isolated from aquatic environments were used to study the effect of sunlight on infectivity [23,107,173,222,223,[275][276][277][278][279].…”

Section: Viral Survival and Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of prokaryotic viruses

2004

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The finding that total viral abundance is higher than total prokaryotic abundance and that a significant fraction of the prokaryotic community is infected with phages in aquatic systems has stimulated research on the ecology of prokaryotic viruses and their role in ecosystems. This review treats the ecology of prokaryotic viruses ('phages') in marine, freshwater and soil systems from a 'virus point of view'. The abundance of viruses varies strongly in different environments and is related to bacterial abundance or activity suggesting that the majority of the viruses found in the environment are typically phages. Data on phage diversity are sparse but indicate that phages are extremely diverse in natural systems. Lytic phages are predators of prokaryotes, whereas lysogenic and chronic infections represent a parasitic interaction. Some forms of lysogeny might be described best as mutualism. The little existing ecological data on phage populations indicate a large variety of environmental niches and survival strategies. The host cell is the main resource for phages and the resource quality, i.e., the metabolic state of the host cell, is a critical factor in all steps of the phage life cycle. Virus-induced mortality of prokaryotes varies strongly on a temporal and spatial scale and shows that phages can be important predators of bacterioplankton. This mortality and the release of cell lysis products into the environment can strongly influence microbial food web processes and biogeochemical cycles. Phages can also affect host diversity, e.g., by 'killing the winner' and keeping in check competitively dominant species or populations. Moreover, they mediate gene transfer between prokaryotes, but this remains largely unknown in the environment. Genomics or proteomics are providing us now with powerful tools in phage ecology, but final testing will have to be performed in the environment.

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“…The use of viruses as dosimeters of DNA damage has previously been studied using the coliphages T1 (25) and T7 (4,26) as well as the naked DNA from the coliphage ΦX174 (6). Quantifying the bacteriophage infectivity, which is destroyed upon exposure to UV, is cost effective relative to the previously mentioned methods for monitoring UV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Biologically Damaging UV Levels in Marine Surface Waters with DNA and Viral Dosimeters¶

Wilhelm¹,

Jeffrey²,

Suttle³

et al. 2007

Photochemistry and Photobiology

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We have surveyed the biologically harmful radiation penetrating the water column along a transect in the western Gulf of Mexico using dosimeters consisting of intact viruses or naked calf‐thymus DNA (ctDNA). The indigenous marine bacteriophage PWH3a‐P1, which lytically infects the heterotrophic bacterium Vibrio natriegens (strain PWH3a), displayed decay rates for infectivity approaching 1.0 h−1 in surface waters when deployed in a seawater‐based dosimeter. The accumulation of pyrimidine dimers in ctDNA dosimeters provided a strong correlation to these results, with pyrimidine dimers representing more than 0.3% (up to ca 3800 dimers Mb−1 DNA) of the total DNA in dosimeters exposed to sea surface levels of solar radiation. The results demonstrate a strong correlation between the dimer formation in the DNA dosimeters, the decay rates of viral infectivity and the penetration of UVB radiation into the water column. The decay of viral infectivity attenuated with depth in a manner similar to the decay of solar radiation and was still significant at 10 m in offshore oligotrophic water and at dimer frequencies less than 0.1% (ca 200–300 dimers Mb−1 DNA).

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Phages T7 in biological UV dose measurements

Cited by 79 publications

References 11 publications

Viral dynamics II: a model of the interaction of ultraviolet light and mixing processes on virus survival in seawater

Viral dynamics II: a model of the interaction of ultraviolet light and mixing processes on virus survival in seawater

Ecology of prokaryotic viruses

Estimation of Biologically Damaging UV Levels in Marine Surface Waters with DNA and Viral Dosimeters¶

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