“…Techniques include liquid chromatography, 17 mass spectroscopy, 22,23 capillary electrophoresis, 7 and electrochemical techniques. 24 Amongst these possibilities, electroanalytical techniques, such as voltammetry or impe-dance spectroscopy, have emerged as a vital tool to detect the presence of pharmaceuticals, because of their high versatile applicability to opaque samples, quick analysis time, and costeffectiveness. 9,25 More importantly, electroanalytical techniques are easy to use and especially handy for onsite monitoring purposes, without the need of extensive training at complex instrumentations.…”