Pharmaceutical Assessment of Melia azedarach Gum as a Binder and Disintegrant in Immediate-Release Tablets

Owusu, Frederick William Akuffo; Boakye-Gyasi, Mariam El; Johnson, Raphael; Osei, Yaa Asantewaa; Asante, Eric Amoah; Otu, Desmond Asamoah Bruce; Ansong, Julia Afrakoma; Entsie, Philomena; Bayor, Marcel Tunkumgnen

doi:10.1155/2022/9810099

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…This was dissolved in 75 mL of phosphate buffer (pH of 5.8), and further diluted to 100 mL using the same buffer, and subsequently filtered. Serial dilutions were prepared, and the absorbance and drug content were computed based on the previously determined calibration curve and maximum wavelength, as per the methodology outlined by Owusu et al [ 20 ] and Nyol and Gupta [ 21 ]. This process was replicated for each batch.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic Waste from Two Varieties of Plantain in Ghana Contain Pectin with Potential Binding Properties in Conventional Tablets

Otu,

Owusu,

Boakye-Gyasi

et al. 2024

The Scientific World Journal

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Pharmaceutical formulations have traditionally relied on plants and their derivatives for various APIs and excipients. In Ghana, the widespread utilization of plantains, irrespective of their ripeness, generates significant waste at every stage of processing, posing disposal issues. Fascinatingly, these wastes, often discarded, possess significant economic potential and can be recycled into valuable raw materials or products. Pectin, a polysaccharide that occurs naturally, has seen a surge in interest in recent times. It has found widespread use in the pharmaceutical sector, particularly as a binding agent in tablet formulations. This study aimed to evaluate pectin from two popular plantain varieties, Apem (M) and Apantu (T) at different ripening stages, for pharmaceutical use as a binding agent in immediate‐release tablets. The ripening stages selected were the matured‐green (G), half‐ripe (H), and full‐ripe (R). Acid (D) and alkaline (L) mediums of extraction were employed for each ripening stage for both varieties. Wet granulation method was used to prepare the granules using paracetamol as a model drug, and their flow properties were subsequently assessed. Postcompression tests including, hardness, friability, weight uniformity, disintegration, assay, and in vitro dissolution were also assessed. Granules from all formulation batches had good flow properties indicated by their angle of repose (14.93 ± 1.41–21.80 ± 1.41), Hausner ratio (0.96 ± 0.27–1.22 ± 0.02), and compressibility (%) (7.69 ± 0.002–20.51 ± 0.002). All the tablets passed the uniformity of weight with none deviating by ±5%. The hardness of all the formulated tablets ranged between 3.96 ± 0.32 and 13.21 ± 0.36, while the friability for all tablets was below 1%. The drug content was between 100.1 ± 0.23% and 103.4 ± 0.01%. Tablets formulated with pectin as a binding agent at concentrations of 10% w/v and 15% w/v successfully met the disintegration test criteria for immediate release tablets. However, those prepared with a concentration of 20% w/v (MGL, MHD, MHL, MRD, MRL, TGL, THD, THL, and TRL) did not pass the disintegration test. Consequently, all batches of tablets successfully met the dissolution test requirement (Diss, Q > 75%), except for the batches that did not pass the disintegration test (Diss, Q < 75%). Ultimately, pectins extracted from the peels of Apem and Apantu at different ripening stages using acid and alkaline extraction can be commercially exploited as pharmaceutical binders at varying concentrations in immediate‐release tablets.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic Waste from Two Varieties of Plantain in Ghana Contain Pectin with Potential Binding Properties in Conventional Tablets

Otu,

Owusu,

Boakye-Gyasi

et al. 2024

The Scientific World Journal

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A comprehensive understanding of disintegrants and disintegration quantification techniques: From the perspective of tablet microstructure

Liu,

Shi,

Fang

et al. 2023

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology

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Physicochemical and Emulsifying Properties of Melia azedarach Gum

Asamoa Mensa,

Kuntworbe,

Osei

et al. 2024

Scientifica

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Naturally occurring hydrophilic colloids are versatile excipients in drug delivery systems. They are often used as coating materials, disintegrating agents, binders, emulsion stabilizers, and other applications. This study sought to investigate the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of gum extracted from Melia azedarach (MA). The gum was harvested, authenticated, and purified using ethanol precipitation. Physicochemical, microbial, and proximate analyses were performed on the purified gum. Oil of olive emulsions containing different amounts (5–15%w/v) of the gum as emulsifiers were prepared by homogenization. The zeta potential, creaming index, and average droplet size of products were assessed. The effects of pH changes, temperature, and monovalent and divalent electrolytes on the stability of the emulsions were also investigated. The yield of the gum after purification was 68.3%w/w. The gum has low moisture content and good swelling properties. Lead, copper, cadmium, and mercury were not detected. Emulsions containing 15%w/v of acacia or MA gum had the smallest average (Z‐average) droplet size (acacia: 1.837 ± 0.420 μm; MA gum: 2.791 ± 0.694 μm) and the highest zeta potential (acacia: −30.45 mV; MA gum: −32.867 mV). Increasing the concentration of the gums increased the emulsion viscosity with MA gum emulsions being more viscous than corresponding acacia emulsions. MA gum emulsions had higher emulsion capacity and stability but lower creaming index relative to acacia gum emulsions of similar concentrations. Potassium chloride (KCl) reduced zeta potential but increased Z‐average for emulsions prepared with either gum. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) produced a similar but more pronounced effect. When the pH was decreased from 10 to 2, the zeta potential of the droplets was reduced, but the droplet size of emulsions prepared from either gum was increased. Increasing temperature from 25 to 90°C produced no significant (p value >0.9999) change in droplet size. These findings suggest that MA gum is a capable emulsifying agent at 15%w/v.

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Pharmaceutical Assessment of Melia azedarach Gum as a Binder and Disintegrant in Immediate-Release Tablets

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Biogenic Waste from Two Varieties of Plantain in Ghana Contain Pectin with Potential Binding Properties in Conventional Tablets

Biogenic Waste from Two Varieties of Plantain in Ghana Contain Pectin with Potential Binding Properties in Conventional Tablets

A comprehensive understanding of disintegrants and disintegration quantification techniques: From the perspective of tablet microstructure

Physicochemical and Emulsifying Properties of Melia azedarach Gum

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