Pharmaceutical implants: classification, limitations and therapeutic applications

Local Delivery of Pirfenidone by PLA Implants Modifies Foreign Body Reaction and Prevents Fibrosis

“…The efficiency of an IDDS depends on its drug loading capacity, as well as on the biocompatibility and biodegradation that together contribute to the resulting drug release profile [1,9,17,[67][68][69]. In the presented work, a high PF entrapment efficiency of the PLA@PF implants (97.9 ± 13.8% of the original 500 µg PF dose per 0.3 g PLA powder)…”

“…The efficiency of an IDDS depends on its drug loading capacity, as well as on the biocompatibility and biodegradation that together contribute to the resulting drug release profile [ 1 , 9 , 17 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]. In the presented work, a high PF entrapment efficiency of the PLA@PF implants (97.9 ± 13.8% of the original 500 μg PF dose per 0.3 g PLA powder) was achieved by co-foaming of the dry PLA and PF powders in supercritical CO 2 by the methodology proposed by us earlier [ 61 ], that allowed to bypass a problem of poor compatibility of a hydrophobic carrier material (PLA) [ 58 ] and a highly hydrophilic drug (PF) [ 54 ].…”

“…The extent of the implant biodegradation depends on its material properties. This allows to classify the implantable materials and devices as fully or partially biodegradable, and non-biodegradable [ 1 , 17 ]. Implantation of non-biodegradable structures result in “frustration” of macrophages and formation of FBGC [ 5 ] that lead to chronic FBR and excessive fibrosis, while the biodegradable implants induce a sequence and a combination of both, the resorptive and fibrotic responses [ 5 ].…”

“…Various design principles can be used in development of such IDDS. We think that the application of polymer IDDS for PF delivery may be among the most feasible and flexible approaches because of the high controllability of the composition and the material properties of medical polymers, availability of the clinically approved slowly-biodegradable materials such as polylactic acid (PLA) and its co-polymers (reviewed in details in [ 57 ] and [ 58 ]), and the technologies for manufacturing of implants from these compounds [ 1 , 17 ]. A challenge in the polymer IDDS approach is the hydrophobicity of the PLA-based polymers [ 58 ], that limits the loading capacity of such implants for highly hydrophilic drugs (like PF [ 54 ]).…”

3D printing: Principles and pharmaceutical applications of selective laser sintering

“…In addition, because objects are fabricated in a layer-by-layer manner from a computeraided design (CAD) model, 3D printing permits the creation of constructs which would otherwise be impossible to produce with conventional manufacturing processes (Chen et al, 2020;Ghosh et al, 2018;Goyanes et al, 2019a;Pandey et al, 2020). In the pharmaceutical sector, this allows the design and evaluation of novel drug-eluting devices which were not previously able to be created (Aho et al, 2019;Gioumouxouzis et al, 2019;Liang et al, 2019;Mohammed et al, 2020;Mohtashami et al, 2020;Xu et al, 2020).…”