Pharmaceutical Studies with Thiamine Mononitrate

Macek, Thomas J.; Feller, Beate A.; Hanus, Edward J.

doi:10.1002/jps.3030390702

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, has a bitter taste and a distinct pungent aroma, and is usually added to supplements as either thiamine hydrochloride or thiamine mononitrate, most commonly the nitrate form as it is known to be the most stable. (Bettendorff, 2013;Macek, Feller, & Hanus, 1950) Both these salts are fairly water-soluble, and will most likely be solubilized in a water-based chewable supplement increasing the potential for taste receptor interactions. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is another vitamin with a very strong bitter flavor, and a moderate solubility.…”

Section: Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactively filled gelatin gels; challenges and opportunities

2018

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Soft, chewable gelatin matrices represents an excellent alternative to traditional oral administration forms (tablets, soft and hard capsules) for pharma-and nutraceuticals; especially for the pediatric and geriatric segments as well as for those suffering from dysphagia. As of today, chewable delivery units, most commonly produced using gelatin, are a very popular formulation design for vitamin and dietary supplements. Bioactive components can be present in such formulations as lipids in O/W emulsions, as dispersed particulate matter or dissolved in the aqueous phase or in the lipid phase in the case of O/W emulsions. Challenges do however exist: many of the bioactive ingredients give a distinct taste, are vulnerable to degradation or may influence the gelling properties of gelatin. This is highlighted by many of the current chewable multivitamins only containing a small fraction of the whole array of vitamins/minerals included in traditional tablets and soft gels. Pharmaceuticals have many of the same issues, coupled with stricter regulatory demands in regards to quality, stability and bioavailability compared to nutraceuticals, making formulation of pharmaceutical chewables potentially even more challenging. However, many of these challenges may be solved through innovative formulation design. By adjusting pH or using buffer systems, by adding taste masking or stability enhancing excipients or by using encapsulation techniques, even the more challenging active ingredients may potentially be incorporated into gelatin-based chewables.

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Section: Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactively filled gelatin gels; challenges and opportunities

2018

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“…Thiamine is a highly water‐soluble vitamin with reduced solubility in alcohols and negligible solubility in less polar organic solvents . Commercially, it is available in the form of thiamine hydrochloride or thiamine mononitrate, with the latter markedly less water soluble and less hygroscopic . Structurally, thiamine consists of 2‐methyl‐4‐aminopyrimidine attached via a methylene group to a thiazole ring, substituted with a methyl group in the 4 position and a hydroxyethyl group in the 5 position.…”

Section: Thiamine Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiamine Assays—Advances, Challenges, and Caveats

et al. 2017

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Thiamine (vitamin B1) is essential to the health of all living organisms and deficiency has long been associated with diseases in animals such as fish, birds, alligators, and domesticated ruminant mammals. Thiamine is also implicated in several human diseases including Alzheimer's, diabetes, dementia, depression and, most notably, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome and Beriberi disease. Yet, highly sensitive and specific detection of thiamine remains an analytical challenge, as pM to nm levels of thiamine need to be detected in environmental and human samples, respectively, various phosphorylated variants need to be discriminated, and rapid on‐site detection would be highly desirable. Furthermore, appropriate sample preparation is mandatory, owing to the complexity of the relevant sample matrices including fish tissues, ocean water, and body fluids. This Review has two objectives. First, it provides a thorough overview of analytical techniques published for thiamine detection over the last 15 years. Second, it describes the principles of analytical approaches that are based on biorecognition and may open up new avenues for rapid and high‐throughput thiamine analysis. Most notably, periplasmic binding proteins, ribozymes, and aptamers are of particular interest, as they function as bioaffinity recognition elements that can fill an important assay technology gap, owing to the unavailability of thiamine‐specific commercial antibodies. Finally, the authors provide brief evaluations of key outcomes of the major assay concepts and suggest how innovative techniques could help develop sensitive and specific thiamine analytical test systems.

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“… 99 Thiamine mononitrate is a more stable form of thiamine than thiamine hydrochoride in sterile solutions, compressed tablets, multivitamin capsules, and dry-filled capsules. 105 Postoperative thiamine testing in symptomatic or high-risk groups should be performed at least once during the first 6 months after bariatric surgery and then every 3 to 6 months until symptoms resolve. 99 Long-term nutritional follow-up of both gastric and bariatric surgery patients is recommended.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thiamine mononitrate is a more stable form of thiamine than thiamine hydrochoride in sterile solutions, compressed tablets, multivitamin capsules, and dry-filled capsules. 105 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of beriberi after gastric surgery

Wilson

2020

Nutrition Reviews

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Beriberi is a nutritional complication of gastric surgery, caused by deficiency of vitamin B1, or thiamine. Thiamine deficiency leads to impaired glucose metabolism, decreased delivery of oxygen by red blood cells, cardiac dysfunction, failure of neurotransmission, and neuronal death. This review describes the history and pathophysiology of beriberi as well as the relationship between beriberi and nutritional deficiencies after gastric surgery. A literature review of the history and pathophysiology of beriberi and the risk factors for thiamine deficiency, particularly after gastric resection or bariatric surgery, was performed. Recommendations for nutritional follow-up post gastric surgery are based on current national guidelines. Patients may have subclinical thiamine deficiency after upper gastrointestinal surgery, and thus beriberi may be precipitated by acute illness such as sepsis or poor dietary intake. This may occur very soon or many years after gastrectomy or bariatric surgery, even in apparently well-nourished patients. Prompt recognition and administration of supplemental thiamine can decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with beriberi. Dietary education post surgery and long-term follow-up to determine nutritional status, including vitamin and mineral assessment, is recommended for patients who undergo gastric surgery.

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Pharmaceutical Studies with Thiamine Mononitrate

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Bioactively filled gelatin gels; challenges and opportunities

Bioactively filled gelatin gels; challenges and opportunities

Thiamine Assays—Advances, Challenges, and Caveats

Pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of beriberi after gastric surgery

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