Pharmaceutical treatment of primary open angle glaucoma

Al-Namaeh, Mashael

doi:10.51329/mehdioptometry120

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…It has been predicted that in 2050, 6.3 million people will have a diagnosis of glaucoma [ 60 ] . Clinical trials on pharmaceutical treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma have found that medical treatment is effective, safe, and positively affects quality of life [ 65 , 66 ] . Glaucoma interventions have been summarized in a recently published review article.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common causes of visual impairment in the elderly

Al-Namaeh¹

2022

Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol

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Background: Aging is not a disease; rather, it is a process. As people age, visual impairment (VI) becomes more common. In 2010, the overall prevalence rate of vision impairment in all races was 25.66% in individuals aged ? 80 years, according to the estimate of the National Eye Institute at the National Institutes of Health. This review aimed to address the common causes of VI in the elderly. Methods: In this narrative review, an electronic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database was conducted using “visual impairment” and “elderly” for the period between January 2010 and April 2021, to include randomized clinical trials and observational studies concerning VI in the elderly. The selected time period was chosen to provide an updated review. Results: The search yielded 2,955 articles published over the period of more than 11 years. The relevant randomized clinical trials or observational studies were included and reviewed. Cataracts, refractive errors, open-angle glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy were the most common age-related ocular disorders leading to VI if untreated in the elderly. The loss of visual acuity can adversely affect quality of life in the elderly. Difficulty with activities of daily living related to VI can lead to social isolation, depression, and anxiety. Loss of vision in the elderly is linked to an increased risk of falls, hip fracture, depression, and poor quality of life. Conclusions: The most common causes of VI in the elderly are cataracts and refractive errors. VI in most ocular diseases is more prevalent in women than in men due to longer lifespan. The overall prevalence of the main causes of VI in the elderly is expected to increase; therefore, health policymakers should consider this when planning for the health-enhancement program of the population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common causes of visual impairment in the elderly

Al-Namaeh¹

2022

Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol

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“…I read with great interest the article by Dr. Mashael Al-Namaeh, entitled "Pharmaceutical treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma. " In this article, the author concentrated on an interesting and remarkable area in POAG treatment [1]; however, a few issues may be worth considering regarding race and its role in glaucoma treatment.…”

Section: Medical Hypothesis Discovery and Innovation In Optometry Dea...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation in optometry Dear EditorI read with great interest the article by Dr. Mashael Al-Namaeh, entitled "Pharmaceutical treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma. " In this article, the author concentrated on an interesting and remarkable area in POAG treatment [1]; however, a few issues may be worth considering regarding race and its role in glaucoma treatment.Substantial disparities exist in the quality and quantity of medical care received by those of different races, and the race-based special needs and unique responses to pharmaceutical treatment have been underestimated. Race differences must be considered in the design of cost-effective management policies [2] and clinical guidelines.In a systematic review and meta-analysis, Asefa et al [3] revealed that the total variance in the glaucomatous phenotype (V P ) has two main components: genotypic variance (V G ) and environmental variance (V E ).

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confidence: 99%

Race in the phenotype of the glaucoma; a genotypic or an environmental variance?

Rashidian¹

2022

Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Optom

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“…Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) features a progressive optic neuropathy with loss of ganglion cells, open angles on gonioscopy, and specific visual field defects with or without elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) [4,5]. Approximately 74% of all glaucoma cases are diagnosed as POAG [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of WDR36 polymorphisms with primary open-angle glaucoma

Garg,

Malik,

Raza

2023

Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Optom

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Background: Various genes contribute to the pathophysiology of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The WD repeat domain 36 (WDR36) gene may participate in T cell activation and, hence, in the pathogenesis of POAG. We investigated the association of two WDR36 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with POAG. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited patients aged >40 years with POAG and investigated the rs10038177 and rs1971050 SNPs of WDR36 using polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing. All participants underwent comprehensive ocular examination, visual field assessment using the Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm standard 24-2 threshold test, and measurement of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Results: We enrolled 105 patients with a mean (standard deviation) age of 55.41 (8.56) years and a male-to-female ratio of 56 (53.3%) to 49 (46.7%), most of whom had a diagnosis of POAG for 2 to 5 years (60.0%). Most participants had diabetes (90.5%) but not hypertension (88.6%). There was a significant association of rs10038177 (P<0.05), but not rs1971050 (P>0.05), with family history of glaucoma. The association between rs10038177 and intraocular pressure was significant (P<0.05), but that between rs1971050 and intraocular pressure was not (P>0.05). No significant association was observed between mean cup-to-disc ratio and either SNP (both P>0.05). For rs10038177, a significant association was found only with the RNFLT of the superior quadrant (P<0.05), whereas for rs1971050, a significant association was found with the RNFLT of all four quadrants and average RNFLT (all P<0.05). However, pairwise comparisons revealed no significant differences between genotypes (P>0.05 for all pairwise comparisons). The association of rs10038177 with glaucoma severity was insignificant (P>0.05), and most patients with the TC genotype (71.7%) had moderate severity. There was no significant association between rs1971050 and glaucoma severity (P>0.05). Conclusions: We observed genetic links between some, but not all, characteristics of POAG and the rs10038177 and rs1971050 SNPs of WDR36. Follow-up studies on these and other WDR36 SNPs in populations with different genetic backgrounds are necessary to confirm this genetic association.

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Pharmaceutical treatment of primary open angle glaucoma

Cited by 6 publications

References 59 publications

Common causes of visual impairment in the elderly

Common causes of visual impairment in the elderly

Race in the phenotype of the glaucoma; a genotypic or an environmental variance?

Association of WDR36 polymorphisms with primary open-angle glaucoma

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