Pharmaceuticals from agriculture: manufacture of discovery?

Turner, Malcolm E.

doi:10.1016/0926-6690(92)90010-s

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, in addition to cellulose and its derivatives, the majority of the excipients used in solid oral dosage forms are synthetic polymers [10]. The development of green and renewable biopolymers that replace synthetic polymers for material production has attracted significant attention [11,12,13,14,15]. Accordingly, there is a need to find new renewable polymers that can be used for pharmaceutical applications [14,15,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of green and renewable biopolymers that replace synthetic polymers for material production has attracted significant attention [11,12,13,14,15]. Accordingly, there is a need to find new renewable polymers that can be used for pharmaceutical applications [14,15,16,17]. Considering that the pharmaceutical excipient market is expected to be worth 8.53 USD billion by 2023 [18], extensive efforts have been made to develop new excipients for tablet preparation [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lignin and Cellulose Blends as Pharmaceutical Excipient for Tablet Manufacturing via Direct Compression

et al. 2019

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Extensive efforts are being made to find alternative uses for lignin (LIG). In the present work the use of this biopolymer as excipient to prepare tablets was studied. For this purpose, LIG was combined with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and used as excipients to prepare directly compressed tablets containing a model drug, tetracycline (TC). The excipients contained different concentrations of LIG: 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% (w/w). Two different compression forces were used (two and five tonnes). When formulations were prepared using LIG as the only excipient, tablets were formed, but they showed lower densities and crushing strength than the ones obtained with only MCC or LIG/MCC blends. Moreover, tablets prepared using five tonnes of compression force showed TC releases ranging from 40% to 70% of the drug loading. On the other hand, the tablets prepared using two tonnes of compression force showed a faster and more efficient TC release, between 60% and 90%. The presence of LIG in the tablets modified significantly the release profile and the maximum amount of TC released. Finally, a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrozyl) assay was performed to confirm that the presence of LIG provided antioxidant properties to the formulations. Accordingly, LIG has potential as a pharmaceutical excipient.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin and Cellulose Blends as Pharmaceutical Excipient for Tablet Manufacturing via Direct Compression

et al. 2019

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“…In many cases, the added cost due to light generation is unlikely to have a significant impact on pharmaceutical synthesis, however, it is noteworthy that the low estimated QY for entries 10 and 11 introduce added light generation costs of $668 and $897 per kilogram of product, respectively. Also, the potential costs due to light generation could be significant in the synthesis of agrochemicals, which are significantly more sensitive to process costs. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cost of Quantum Yield

Swierk

2023

Org. Process Res. Dev.

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The quantum yield (QY) of a photocatalytic reaction significantly influences its performance, as reactions with low QYs require more intense light sources and longer illumination times to achieve efficient reaction rates. Unfortunately, the importance of QY is often overlooked in the design of photocatalytic reactions for small-molecule synthesis, leading to potential cost implications and reduced productivity. This study examines various photochemical reactor designs from the literature to estimate photon flux and light generation costs and investigates the impact of QY on both cost and productivity. The findings reveal substantial penalties in cost and productivity when QYs are low. For instance, external QYs below 1% can result in significant light generation costs and maximum productivities of less than 1 mol of product per day. Moreover, the study highlights that high QYs have a larger effect on potential productivity than high product yields. By optimizing for QY instead of product yield, kinetic and revenue modeling for the photoredox-mediated synthesis of ceralasertib demonstrate the potential for generating hundreds of thousands of dollars in additional revenue per day. Overall, this work emphasizes the need for increased consideration of QY in the design of photocatalytic reactions.

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“…There is, of course, nothing new about the exploitation of plants in a medical or paramedical context. Even today, with our highly advanced pharmaceutical industries, more than one‐quarter of prescription medications are derived from plant sources (Farnsworth et al ., 1985; Duke, 1993; Turner, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving containment strategies in biopharming

Murphy

2007

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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SummaryThis review examines the challenges of segregating biopharmed crops expressing pharmaceutical or veterinary agents from mainstream crops, particularly those destined for food or feed use. The strategy of using major food crops as production vehicles for the expression of pharmaceutical or veterinary agents is critically analysed in the light of several recent episodes of contamination of the human food chain by non-approved crop varieties.Commercially viable strategies to limit or avoid biopharming intrusion into the human food chain require the more rigorous segregation of food and non-food varieties of the same crop species via a range of either physical or biological methods. Even more secure segregation is possible by the use of non-food crops, non-crop plants or in vitro plant cultures as production platforms for biopharming. Such platforms already under development range from outdoor-grown Nicotiana spp. to glasshouse-grown Arabidopsis , lotus and moss. Amongst the more effective methods for biocontainment are the plastid expression of transgenes, inducible and transient expression systems, and physical containment of plants or cell cultures. In the current atmosphere of heightened concerns over food safety and biosecurity, the future of biopharming may be largely determined by the extent to which the sector is able to maintain public confidence via a more considered approach to containment and security of its plant production systems.

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Pharmaceuticals from agriculture: manufacture of discovery?

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Lignin and Cellulose Blends as Pharmaceutical Excipient for Tablet Manufacturing via Direct Compression

Lignin and Cellulose Blends as Pharmaceutical Excipient for Tablet Manufacturing via Direct Compression

The Cost of Quantum Yield

Improving containment strategies in biopharming

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