Pharmaceuticals in Canadian sewage treatment plant effluents and surface waters: occurrence and environmental risk assessment

Koné, Macoura; Cologgi, Dena L.; Lu, Wei‐Bing; Smith, Daniel; Ulrich, Ania C.

doi:10.1080/21622515.2013.865793

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Pharmaceuticals have always been socially important, as they offer numerous benefits in the prevention, diagnostic, and treatment of many diseases . However, the recognition of their potential benefits has contributed to a significant increase in their consumption, particularly in developed countries .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic development, locomotor behavior, biochemical, and epigenetic effects of the pharmaceutical drugs paracetamol and ciprofloxacin in larvae and embryos of Danio rerio when exposed to environmental realistic levels of both drugs

Nogueira

Pinto

Correia

et al. 2019

Environmental Toxicology

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For several years, the scientific community has been concerned about the presence of pharmaceuticals in the wild, since these compounds may have unpredictable deleterious effects on living organisms. Two examples of widely used pharmaceuticals that are present in the environment are paracetamol and ciprofloxacin. Despite their common presence in the aquatic environment due to their poor removal by sewage treatment plants, knowledge concerning their putative toxic effects is still scarce. This work aimed to characterize the effects of paracetamol (0.005, 0.025, 0.125, 0.625, and 3.125 mg/L) and ciprofloxacin (0.005, 0.013, 0.031, 0.078, 0.195, and 0.488 μg/L) in zebrafish embryos and larvae, exposed to environmentally relevant levels, close to the real concentrations of these pharmaceuticals in surface waters and effluents. The adopted toxic end points were developmental, a behavioral parameter (total swimming time), and a biomarker‐based approach (quantification of the activities of catalase, glutathione‐S‐transferase, cholinesterases, glutathione peroxidase, and lipid peroxidation levels) combined with epigenetic analysis (immunohistochemical detection of 5‐methylcytidine). Exposure to paracetamol had effects on all of the adopted toxic end points; however, ciprofloxacin only caused effects on behavioral tests and alterations in biomarkers. It is possible to ascertain the occurrence of oxidative stress following exposure to both drugs, which was more evident regarding paracetamol, an effect that may be related to the observed epigenetic modifications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic development, locomotor behavior, biochemical, and epigenetic effects of the pharmaceutical drugs paracetamol and ciprofloxacin in larvae and embryos of Danio rerio when exposed to environmental realistic levels of both drugs

Nogueira

Pinto

Correia

et al. 2019

Environmental Toxicology

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“…Today, almost 70% of all Canadian citizens 65 years and older take five or more drugs (CIHI 2018), and by 2031 it is expected that one in four Canadians will be over 65 (Statistics Canada 2017). Many drugs are not efficiently eliminated by sewage treatment plants and are directly discharged into wastewater, finding their way into inland waters (Koné et al 2013). Despite the relatively low concentrations reported in effluents of sewage treatment plants, several classes of drugs are expected to pose high environmental risks, including analgesics (e.g., salicylic acid, naproxen, and ibuprofen), antibiotics (e.g., sulphamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin), antidepressants (e.g., fluoxetine), and hormone disrupters (Koné et al 2013).…”

Section: Increased Loading Of Pharmaceuticals In Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizon scan of conservation issues for inland waters in Canada

Pérez‐Jvostov

Sutherland

Barrett

et al. 2020

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Horizon scanning is a systematic approach increasingly used to explore emerging trends, issues, opportunities, and threats in conservation. We present the results from one such exercise aimed at identifying emerging issues that could have important scientific, social, technological, and managerial implications for the conservation of inland waters in Canada in the proximate future. We recognized six opportunities and nine challenges, for which we provide research implications and policy options, such that scientists, policy makers, and the Canadian society as a whole can prepare for a potential growth in each of the topic areas we identified. The issues spanned a broad range of topics, from recognizing the opportunities and challenges of community-enabled science and the need to consider the legal rights of nature, to the likely increase of pharmaceuticals in wastewater due to an aging population. These issues represent a first baseline that could help decision makers identify and prioritize efforts while simultaneously stimulate new research avenues. We hope our horizon scan will pave the way for similar exercises related to the conservation of biodiversity in Canada.

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Section: Occurrence Of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals In Aqueous Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differently than pharmaceuticals for human use that are usually monitored in municipal wastewater treatment plants, the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is more related to diffuse pollution rather than point sources and not many studies in wastewater treatment plants have been done. However, [ 25 ] have studied the presence and concentration of pharmaceuticals in effluents of Canadian sewage treatment plants (STPs) and compared their findings with the maximum concentrations observed in other countries. A diverse number of antibiotics were detected; although most of them were related to human consumption, an antiobiotic of exclusive use for veterinary applications, sulphamethazine, was detected in concentrations up to 3.278 μg/L [ 25 ].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals In Aqueous Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, [ 25 ] have studied the presence and concentration of pharmaceuticals in effluents of Canadian sewage treatment plants (STPs) and compared their findings with the maximum concentrations observed in other countries. A diverse number of antibiotics were detected; although most of them were related to human consumption, an antiobiotic of exclusive use for veterinary applications, sulphamethazine, was detected in concentrations up to 3.278 μg/L [ 25 ]. Whereas municipal wastewater treatment plants are not receiving loads of veterinary pharmaceuticals, wastewater impoundments at concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) represent a potential source of veterinary pharmaceuticals to the environment [ 26 ], reason why an investigation regarding the occurrence of seventeen VPs in lagoons at operating swine and beef cattle facilities was carried out [ 26 ].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals In Aqueous Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Occurrence of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: A Review

Kaczala

Blum²

2016

CAC

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It is well known that there is a widespread use of veterinary pharmaceuticals and consequent release into different ecosystems such as freshwater bodies and groundwater systems. Furthermore, the use of organic fertilizers produced from animal waste manure has been also responsible for the occurrence of veterinary pharmaceuticals in agricultural soils. This article is a review of different studies focused on the detection and quantification of such compounds in environmental compartments using different analytical techniques. Furthermore, this paper reports the main challenges regarding veterinary pharmaceuticals in terms of analytical methods, detection/quantification of parent compounds and metabolites, and risks/toxicity to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Based on the existing literature, it is clear that only limited data is available regarding veterinary compounds and there are still considerable gaps to be bridged in order to remediate existing problems and prevent future ones. In terms of analytical methods, there are still considerable challenges to overcome considering the large number of existing compounds and respective metabolites. A number of studies highlight the lack of attention given to the detection and quantification of transformation products and metabolites. Furthermore more attention needs to be given in relation to the toxic effects and potential risks that veterinary compounds pose to environmental and human health. To conclude, the more research investigations focused on these subjects take place in the near future, more rapidly we will get a better understanding about the behavior of these compounds and the real risks they pose to aquatic and terrestrial environments and how to properly tackle them.

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Pharmaceuticals in Canadian sewage treatment plant effluents and surface waters: occurrence and environmental risk assessment

Cited by 24 publications

References 62 publications

Embryonic development, locomotor behavior, biochemical, and epigenetic effects of the pharmaceutical drugs paracetamol and ciprofloxacin in larvae and embryos of Danio rerio when exposed to environmental realistic levels of both drugs

Embryonic development, locomotor behavior, biochemical, and epigenetic effects of the pharmaceutical drugs paracetamol and ciprofloxacin in larvae and embryos of Danio rerio when exposed to environmental realistic levels of both drugs

Horizon scan of conservation issues for inland waters in Canada

The Occurrence of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: A Review

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