Pharmaceuticals in drinking water: Local analysis of the problem and finding a solution through awareness

Leal, Julie Ehret; Thompson, Aleda; Brzezinski, Walter A.

doi:10.1331/japha.2010.09186

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…They presented solutions of the convective-dispersive transport equation that can be used to analyze column effluent data. Leij et al (1993) investigated analytical solutions for non-equilibrium solute transport in 3-D porous media. They found that the effect of non-equilibrium on 1-D transport is similar to that on 3-D transport.…”

Section: Significance and Influence Of Boundary Conditions And Heteromentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of column experiments to investigate the fate of organic micropollutants – a review

Banzhaf

Hebig

2016

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Although column experiments are frequently used to investigate the transport of organic micropollutants, little guidance is available on what they can be used for, how they should be set up, and how the experiments should be carried out. This review covers the use of column experiments to investigate the fate of organic micropollutants. Alternative setups are discussed together with their respective advantages and limitations. An overview is presented of published column experiments investigating the transport of organic micropollutants, and suggestions are offered on how to improve the comparability of future results from different experiments. The main purpose of column experiments is to investigate the transport and attenuation of a specific compound within a specific sediment or substrate. The transport of (organic) solutes in groundwater is influenced by the chemical and physical properties of the compounds, the solvent (i.e., the groundwater, including all solutes), and the substrate (the aquifer material). By adjusting these boundary conditions a multitude of different processes and related research questions can be investigated using a variety of experimental setups. Apart from the ability to effectively control the individual boundary conditions, the main advantage of column experiments compared to other experimental setups (such as those used in field experiments, or in batch microcosm experiments) is that conservative and reactive solute breakthrough curves can be derived, which represent the sum of the transport processes. There are well-established methods for analyzing these curves. The effects observed in column studies are often a result of dynamic, non-equilibrium processes. Time (or flow velocity) is an important factor, in contrast to batch experiments where all processes are observed until equilibrium is reached in the substrate-solution system. Slight variations in the boundary conditions of different experiments can have a marked influence on the transport and degradation of organic micropollutants. This is of critical importance when comparing general results from different column experiments investigating the transport behavior of a specific organic compound. Such variations unfortunately mean that the results from most column experiments are not transferable to other hydrogeochemical environments but are only valid for the specific experimental setup used. Column experiments are fast, flexible, and easy to manage; their boundary conditions can be controlled and they are cheap compared to extensive field experiments. They can provide good estimates of all relevant transport parameters. However, the obtained results will almost always be limited to the scale of the experiment and are not directly transferrable to field scales as too many parameters are exclusive to the column setup. The challenge for the future is to develop standardized column experiments on organic micropollutants in order to overcome these issues.

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Section: Significance and Influence Of Boundary Conditions And Heteromentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of column experiments to investigate the fate of organic micropollutants – a review

Banzhaf

Hebig

2016

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…8 There is evidence that pharmaceuticals affect the ecological system, but their impact on humans through the drinking water is unknown. 9 Additionally, education and awareness regarding drug disposal is lacking. 9 The federal Controlled Substances Act does not offer guidance to individuals about disposal of controlled substances.…”

Section: Medication Safety Resources Drug Take-back Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Additionally, education and awareness regarding drug disposal is lacking. 9 The federal Controlled Substances Act does not offer guidance to individuals about disposal of controlled substances. 10 The Secure and Responsible Drug Disposal Act of 2010 encourages the establishment of controlled substance disposal methods for consumers, including drug take-back programs, and amends the Controlled Substances Act.…”

Section: Medication Safety Resources Drug Take-back Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medication Safety and Pharmacovigilance Resources for the Ambulatory Care Setting: Enhancing Patient Safety

Gershman

Fass

2014

Hosp Pharm

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Reputable medication safety resources are fundamental to assist in reducing medication errors and educating consumers. The purpose of this article is to describe medication safety and pharmacovigilance electronic and mobile resources that are available to pharmacists to enhance patient safety in the ambulatory care setting at the national level through the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), American Medicine Chest Challenge, and Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP). Information concerning drug disposal methods is available through the FDA, DEA, and the American Medicine Chest Challenge Rx Drop app. The ISMP provides a variety of tools for reporting and preventing medication errors including Assess-ERR and ConsumerMedSafety.org. Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) were created as a requirement of the FDA Amendments Act of 2007 to ensure that the drug's benefits outweigh the risks. Health care professionals are encouraged to report adverse drug events through the FDA's MedWatch reporting system. Pharmacists have a variety of useful resources for their medication safety and pharmacovigilance toolbox. Studies should evaluate the use of these resources by pharmacists and consumers.

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“…Researchers have also made strides in developing perspective on the issues of emerging pollutants with respect to understanding the public awareness of managing pharmaceutical disposal (Leal, et al, 2010) conducted a literature review and developed a public awareness survey.…”

Section: Fate Of Pharmaceuticals and Steroidal Hormones Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Pollutants

Bell¹,

Wells²,

Traexler³

et al. 2011

Water Environment Research

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Pharmaceuticals in drinking water: Local analysis of the problem and finding a solution through awareness

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Use of column experiments to investigate the fate of organic micropollutants – a review

Use of column experiments to investigate the fate of organic micropollutants – a review

Medication Safety and Pharmacovigilance Resources for the Ambulatory Care Setting: Enhancing Patient Safety

Emerging Pollutants

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