Pharmacist Contributions to the U.S. Health Care System

Schommer, Jon C.; Planas, Lourdes G.; Johnson, Kathleen A.; Doucette, William R.; Gaither, Caroline A.; Kreling, David H.; Mott, David A.

doi:10.24926/iip.v1i1.190

Cited by 11 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The overall goal for this study was to repeat the segment analysis of the pharmacist workforce conducted in 2009 [1] and 2014 [2] using data from the 2019 National Pharmacist Workforce Survey. The objectives were to:…”

Section: Study Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Findings from the 2009 and 2014 National Pharmacist Workforce Surveys in the United States revealed five segments of pharmacists: (1) medication providers, (2) medication providers who also provide patient care, (3) other activity pharmacists, (4) patient care providers who also provide medication, and (5) patient care providers [1,2]. The findings from 2009 and 2014 showed similar patterns with approximately 40% of U.S. pharmacists devoted primarily to medication providing, 40% contributing a significant portion of their time (typically, 20% or more) to patient care service provision, and the remaining 20% contributing most of their time to business/organization management, research, education, and other health-system improvement activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In light of the expansion of pharmacist roles and congruent changes in systems of care provision, our goal was to repeat the segment analyses conducted in 2009 [1] and 2014 [2] using data from the 2019 National Pharmacist Workforce Survey [38]. As was done in 2009 and 2014, the segmentation analysis was based upon pharmacists' time devoted to medication providing (their traditional role) and to patient care services (their emergent role).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacist Segments Identified from 2009, 2014, and 2019 National Pharmacist Workforce Surveys: Implications for Pharmacy Organizations and Personnel

et al. 2020

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Background/Objective: Findings from the 2009 and 2014 National Pharmacist Workforce Surveys showed that approximately 40% of U.S. pharmacists devoted their time primarily to medication providing, 40% contributed a significant portion of their time to patient care service provision, and the remaining 20% contributed most of their time to other health-system improvement activities. The objective of this study was to characterize the U.S. pharmacist workforce into segments based on the proportion of time they spend in medication providing and patient care services and compare changes in these segments between 2009, 2014, and 2019. Methods: Data from 2009, 2014, and 2019 National Pharmacist Workforce Surveys were analyzed. Responses from 1200 pharmacists in 2009, 1382 in 2014, and 4766 in 2019 were used for analysis. Respondents working in the pharmacy or pharmacy-related fields reported both their percent time devoted to medication providing and to patient care services. Medication providing included preparing, distributing, and administering medication products, including associated professional services. Patient care services were professional services designed for assessing and evaluating medication-related needs, monitoring and adjusting patient’s treatments, and other services designed for patient care. For each year of data, pharmacist segments were identified using a two-step cluster analysis. Descriptive statistics were used for describing the characteristics of the segments. Results: For each year, five segments of pharmacists were identified. The proportions of pharmacists in each segment for the three surveys (2009, 2014, 2019) were: (1) medication providers (41%, 40%, 34%), (2) medication providers who also provide patient care (25%, 22%, 25%), (3) other activity pharmacists (16%, 18%, 14%), (4) patient care providers who also provide medication (12%, 13%, 15%), and (5) patient care providers (6%, 7%, 12%). In 2019, other activity pharmacists worked over 45 hours per week, on average, with 12 of these hours worked remotely. Patient care providers worked 41 hours per week, on average, with six of these hours worked remotely. Medication providers worked less than 40 hours per week, on average, with just one of these hours worked remotely. Regarding the number of patients with whom a respondent interacted on a typical day, medication providers reported 18 per day, patient care providers reported 11 per day, and other activity pharmacists reported 6 per day. In 2009, 8% of patient care providers worked in a setting that was not licensed as a pharmacy. In 2019, this grew to 17%. Implications/Conclusions: The 2019 findings showed that 34% of U.S. pharmacists devoted their time primarily to medication providing (compared to 40% in 2009 and 2014), 52% contributed a significant portion of their time to patient care service provision (compared to 40% in 2009 and 2014), and the remaining 14% contributed most of their time to other health-system improvement activities. Distinguishing characteristics of the segments suggested that recent growth in the pharmacist workforce has been in the patient care services, with more being provided through remote means in organizations that are not licensed as pharmacies. The findings have implications for pharmacist training, continuing education, labor monitoring, regulations, work systems, and process designs. These changes will create new roles and tasks for pharmacy organizations and personnel that will be needed to support emerging patient care services provided by pharmacists.

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Section: Study Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacist Segments Identified from 2009, 2014, and 2019 National Pharmacist Workforce Surveys: Implications for Pharmacy Organizations and Personnel

et al. 2020

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“…Recent evidence suggests that the majority of community pharmacists prefer to spend their time in dispensing rather than patient care. 18,60 This issue has been addressed by the profession via the mandatory PharmD degree, as recent graduates are more inclined to providing patient care than pharmacists who have been in practice for many years. 18,60 A pharmacist's public health mission can begin with in-store signage and advertising that emphasizes the professional services available and educates consumers on pharmacists' personal accessibility as healthcare experts, e.g.…”

Section: Innovations In Pharmacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacists' social authority to transform community pharmacy practice

McPherson¹,

Fontane²

2011

Innov Pharm

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“…1 The pharmacy profession has been building capacity so that pharmacists are ideally suited to serve in new roles such as being medication care coordinators for patientcentered medical homes 2,3 and primary care teams, [4][5][6][7] members of chronic disease management teams that focus on "episodes" of care in which related services are packaged together, 8,9 and the healthcare professional responsible for ensuring optimal medication therapy outcomes through medication therapy management service provision. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Pharmacists are faced with an array of choices about job positions and educational pathways that can enhance their careers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Work Setting Profile Factors From the Career Pathway Evaluation Program

Schommer

Sogol

Brown

2013

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

Self Cite

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Objectives. To describe the work factors associated with 28 different career areas as reported by pharmacists who responded to the American Pharmacists Association (APhA) Career Pathway Evaluation Program for Pharmacy Professionals, 2012 Pharmacist Profile Survey Methods. Data from the 1,119 completed survey instruments from the 2012 Pharmacist Profile Survey were analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the underlying factors that best represented respondents' work setting profiles. Results. Eleven underlying factors were identified for the respondents' work setting profiles: patient care, application of clinical knowledge, innovation, stress, research, managerial responsibility, work schedule flexibility, job position flexibility, self-actualization, geographic location, and continuity of coworker relationships. Findings revealed variation for these underlying factors among career categories. Conclusion. Variation among pharmacist career types exists. The profiles constructed in this study describe the characteristics of various career paths and can be helpful for decisions regarding educational, experiential, residency, and certification training in pharmacist careers.

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Pharmacist Contributions to the U.S. Health Care System

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Pharmacist Segments Identified from 2009, 2014, and 2019 National Pharmacist Workforce Surveys: Implications for Pharmacy Organizations and Personnel

Pharmacist Segments Identified from 2009, 2014, and 2019 National Pharmacist Workforce Surveys: Implications for Pharmacy Organizations and Personnel

Pharmacists' social authority to transform community pharmacy practice

Identifying Work Setting Profile Factors From the Career Pathway Evaluation Program

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