“…Pharmacist and counter staff training programmes in the delivery of brief interventions in the area of substance misuse and mental health are reported to remedy lack of staff knowledge or confidence and result in increased knowledge, positive attitudinal scores, work satisfaction and self-related competencies (Butler & Sheridan, 2010;Dhital, Whittlesea, Milligan, Khan, & Norman, 2013;Fitzgerald et al, 2009;McBride, Pates, Ramadan, & McGowan, 2003;Sheridan et al, 2008). Strategies to improve pharmacist counseling and enhance customer engagement in health care advice, screening and brief intervention processes are warranted (Puspitasari, Aslani, & Krass, 2010). Building on codeine specific health care advice, screening and brief interventions, a further expansion in the role of community pharmacies to include harm reduction participation and provision of detoxification programmes for codeine dependents could be considered (Hughes, McElnay, Hughes, & McKenna, 1999;Van Hout et al, 2014).…”