Pharmacogenetic aspects of psychoactive drugs: Facts and fancy

Propping, Peter; Kopun, Marijana

doi:10.1007/bf00273334

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 79 publications

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“…It had been established that patients treated with the same doses of various tricyclic antidepressants, such as imipramine, desmethylimipramine or nortriptyline, showed large differences in their steady-state plasma levels. Table 11 shows the order of magnitude of the steady-state plasma levels of four tricyclic antidepressants (Propping and Kopun 1973). Starting from such observations, a Swedish group of clinical pharmacologists performed a twin study with nortriptyline.…”

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confidence: 99%

Twin Studies in Medical Genetics

Propping

Vogel

1976

Acta genet. med. gemellol.

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It is the aim of twin studies to obtain results which are not only valid for twins, but apply to the whole population. Therefore the following questions have to be answered first: do twins differ from non-twins in the trait under study? Do different nongenetic factors act upon MZ and DZ twins which alter the probability of manifestation of a trait, even before birth? There are important differences in embryogenesis and placental blood flow in mono- and dichorionic twins; this can influence the normal fetal development. Therefore the value of twin studies alone in analysing the genetic component in the etiology of congenital malformations is rather ambiguous. Twin studies beyond the newborn period can be classified into four approaches: (1) Case reports; (2) Accumulated case reports; (3) Limited representative sample; (4) Unlimited representative sample. The most frequent systematic method in medical genetics is the establishment of all twins in a defined population of probands (3). Another successful application in the last few years has been in pharmacogenetics. Although no simple mode of inheritance could be discovered, it was possible to estimate the genetic component within the interindividual variability of the metabolism of certain drugs (nortriptyline, antipyrine, phenylbutazone, ethanol). Now, additional non-twin research is needed to work out single factors within the observed polygenic systems.

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confidence: 99%

Twin Studies in Medical Genetics

Propping

Vogel

1976

Acta genet. med. gemellol.

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Pharmacogenetics of schizophrenia

Cichon¹,

Nöthen²,

Rietschel³

et al. 2000

Am. J. Med. Genet.

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Patients display significant differences in response to therapeutic agents which may be caused by a variety of factors. Among them, genetic components presumably play a major role. Pharmacogenetics is the field of research that attempts to unravel the relationship between genetic variation affecting drug metabolism (pharmacokinetic level) or drug targets (pharmacodynamic level) and interindividual differences in pharmacoresponse. In schizophrenia, pharmacokinetic studies have shown the role of genetic variants of the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP2C9 in the metabolism of neuroleptic drugs. At the level of the drug target, variants of the dopamine D3 and D4, and 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors have been examined. A general problem of pharmacogenetic studies in schizophrenia is the high number of controversial findings which may be related to the lack of standardized phenotype definition. Recently, guidelines for an exact and comparable phenotype characterization have been proposed and will aid in designing and evaluating pharmacogenetic studies in the future. The final goal of pharmacogenetic studies-making a prediction of drug response at the level of the individual patient-will require a simultaneous look at a large number of response-determining genetic variants by applying the tools of pharmacogenomics, e.g. large-scale Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) detection and genotyping.

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Pharmacogenetics

Propping

1978

Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology

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Pharmacogenetic aspects of psychoactive drugs: Facts and fancy

Cited by 10 publications

References 79 publications

Twin Studies in Medical Genetics

Twin Studies in Medical Genetics

Pharmacogenetics of schizophrenia

Pharmacogenetics

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