Pharmacogenetics of Anti-Diabetes Drugs

DiStefano, Johanna K.; Watanabe, Richard M.

doi:10.3390/ph3082610

Cited by 86 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 213 publications

(272 reference statements)

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“…Metformin, a standard antidiabetic drug, has also been reported to regenerate b-cells and this directly improves insulin action (Distefano & Watanabe, 2010). Histopathology of the pancreas reinforces the regeneration of b-cells by GLE which may be responsible for its antidiabetic action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…GLE may also have suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis, stimulated glycolysis, or inhibited or decreased intestinal absorption of glucose (Tanko et al, 2009). Sulfonylureas such as glibenclamide, which was used as the reference drug in this study, are potent secretagogues and they act by stimulating insulin secretion (Distefano & Watanabe, 2010). It is also possible that GLE acted like the sulfonylureas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The agents used in clinical practice have serious adverse effects such as hematological effects, hypoglycemic coma, and disturbances of liver and kidney (Distefano & Watanabe, 2010). Ethnobotanical information indicates that more than 800 plants are used as traditional remedies for the treatment of diabetes due to their effectiveness, less side effects, and relatively low cost (Nanu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antidiabetic, antilipidemic, and antioxidant activities ofGouania longipetalamethanol leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Ezeja

Anaga

Asuzu

2014

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Gouania longipetala Hemsl. (Rhamnaceae) is used in folkloric medicine for treating diabetes mellitus and its associated symptoms. Objective: This study evaluated the antidiabetic antilipidemic and antioxidant activities of the plant methanol leaf extract. Materials and methods: Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (160 mg/kg). Three test doses (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) of G. longipetala extract (GLE) were administered orally and the effects were compared with glibenclamide (2 mg/kg). The effect of GLE on hyperglycemia and sub-acute study for 21 d were carried out using its effect on fasting blood sugar (FBS) level. Serum biochemistry and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Histopathological evaluation of the pancreas was also done. Results: The LD 50 of G. longipetala was found to be 44000 mg/kg. The extract significantly (p50.0001) decreased the FBS levels of treated rats from 16.2 ± 2.03 to 6.5 ± 1.52 mM/L at 150 mg/kg within 24 h. The extract decreased FBS levels of rats by 62.0, 74.8, and 75.0% on day 21 at 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, respectively. GLE reduced the level of malondiadehyde from 23.0 ± 1.34 to 10.3 ± 0.43 mg/dL, increased superoxide dismutase activities from 2.97 ± 0.34 to 5.80 ± 0.53 IU/L at 150 mg/kg, and improved the serum lipid profile of treated rats. GLE also caused restoration of the altered histopathological changes of the pancreas. Discussion and conclusion: Gouania longipetala demonstrated significant antidiabetic, antilipidemic, and antioxidant activities that may be due to its multiple effects involving both pancreatic and extra-pancreatic mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antidiabetic, antilipidemic, and antioxidant activities ofGouania longipetalamethanol leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Ezeja

Anaga

Asuzu

2014

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…ZAC/ HYMAI), sulphonylurea responsiveness is minimal and insulin therapy is the only option 76 . It is at this juncture that genetic testing becomes imperative not only for correct diagnosis but also for optimization of treatment in PNDM and TNDM with mutations in K ATP channel 77 .…”

Section: K Atp Channel Mutations (Kcnj11 and Abcc8 Mutations)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Basis of Monogenic Diabetes

Radha¹,

Mohan²

2017

Current Science

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Advances in the understanding of monogenic causes of diabetes and the discovery of single-gene mutations responsible for different phenotypes have greatly increased our knowledge of -cell physiology. Such advances have had implications for the individual patient diagnosed with the specific monogenic cause of diabetes, especially in maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM). Genetic diagnosis of MODY is also likely to have important prognostic and therapeutic implications in majority of the patients with confirmed HNF1A and HNF4A mutations. Genetic screening and analyses have helped several neonatal infants carrying mutations in the KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes to shift from insulin treatment to oral sulphonylurea drugs. The progress in genomics of monogenic diabetic forms has helped in translating the discoveries from bench to bedside in clinical care. Therefore, there is an urgent need to incorporate genetic testing for the genes implicated in monogenic diabetes like MODY and NDM in the diabetes clinics. Discoveries in genetic research methodology and understanding of genetic etiology will have great translational implications for disease treatment and follow-up.

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“…These events bring even closer the prospect of identifying genetic variation that may provide information illuminating which drug at which dose may be the most effective for a given individual. This raises the probability of bringing the so-called personalized medicine to fruition to reduce disease morbidity and mortality, and i m prove the quality of life for individuals with diabetes mellitus (9).…”

Section: Pharmacogeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Pharmacogenetics in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus / ULOGA FARMAKOGENETIKE U LEČNJU DIJABETES MELITUSA

Topić¹

2014

Journal of Medical Biochemistry

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Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of disorders in which particular disease phenotypes can be characterized by a specific etiology and/or pathogenesis of the disease, but in many cases its classification is greatly impeded due to significant phenotype overlapping. Diabetes is a wordwide epidemic with significant health and economic consequences. The frequency of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is much higher than type 1 diabetes (T1D). In adults, around 285 million people suffer from T2DM with a projected rise to 438 million in the next 20 years. A variety of pharmacological treatments exist for patients with T2D, in addition to dietary and physical activity. Pharmacologically, diabetes is treated with nine major classes of approved drugs, including insulin and its analogues, sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), meglitinides, a-glucosidase inhibitors, amylin analogues, incretin hormone mimetics, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors. Treatment strategy for T2D is based mostly on oral hypoglycemic drug (OHD) efficacy assessed usually by HbA1c and/or fasting plasma glucose. The patients are often treated with more than one OHD in combination with the purpose to receive more effective treatment. Characterization of drug response is expected to substantially increase the ability to provide patients with the most effective treatment strategy. If pharmacogenetic testing for diabetes drugs could be used to predict treatment outcome, appropriate measures could be taken to treat T2D more efficiently. To date, major pharmacogenetic studies have focused on response to sulfonylureas, biguanides, and TZDs, the most used OHD. A comprehensive review of the pharmacogenetic studies of specific OHD is presented in this article. Understanding the pharmacogenetics of these drugs Kratak sadr`aj: Dijabetes melitus predstavlja heterogenu grupu pore me}aja u kojoj odre|eni fenotip mo`e karakterisati spe cifi~na etiologija i/ili patogeneza bolesti, ali u mnogim slu~ajevima njegova klasifikacija je vrlo ote`ana zbog zna~ajnog fenotipskog pre klapanja. Dijabetes je globalni epidemiolo{ki problem sa zna~ajnim zdravstvenim i ekonomskim posledicama. U~es talost tipa 2 dijabetesa (T2D) mno go je ve}a od tipa 1 dijabetesa. Kod odraslih, oko 285 miliona osoba boluje od T2D, s predvi|enim rastom do 438 miliona u slede}ih 20 godina. Za pacijente s dijabetesom tipa 2, uz ishranu i fizi~ku aktivnost, postoji niz farmakolo{kih lekova. Devet glavnih vrsta lekova odobreno je za le~enje T2D bolesnika: insulin i njegovi analozi, sulfonilureje, bi gvanidi, tiazolidindioni, meglitinidi, inhibitori a-glukozidaze, analozi amilina, mimetici inkretin hormona i inhibitori dipeptidil-peptidaze 4. Stra te gija le~enja T2D se temelji uglavnom na u~inkovitosti oralnih hipoglikemijskih lekova merenjem HbA1c i/ili glukoze nata{te. Bolesnici se ~esto le~e kombinacijom vi{e oralnih hipoglikemika kako bi se postigla {to uspe{ nija terapija. Ka ra kterizacija odgovora na lek obezbedi}e, kako se o~ekuje, mogu}nost uspe{nijeg leenja, odnosno...

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Pharmacogenetics of Anti-Diabetes Drugs

Cited by 86 publications

References 213 publications

Antidiabetic, antilipidemic, and antioxidant activities ofGouania longipetalamethanol leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Antidiabetic, antilipidemic, and antioxidant activities ofGouania longipetalamethanol leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Genetic Basis of Monogenic Diabetes

The Role of Pharmacogenetics in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus / ULOGA FARMAKOGENETIKE U LEČNJU DIJABETES MELITUSA

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